Instruct Me More! Random Prompting for Visual In-Context Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large-scale models trained on extensive datasets, have emerged as the preferred approach due to their high generalizability across various tasks. In-context learning (ICL), a popular strategy in natural language processing, uses such models for different tasks by providing instructive prompts but without updating model parameters. This idea is now being explored in computer vision, where an input-output image pair (called an in-context pair) is supplied to the model with a query image as a prompt to exemplify the desired output. The efficacy of visual ICL often depends on the quality of the prompts. We thus introduce a method coined Instruct Me More (InMeMo), which augments in-context pairs with a learnable perturbation (prompt), to explore its potential. Our experiments on mainstream tasks reveal that InMeMo surpasses the current state-of-the-art performance. Specifically, compared to the baseline without learnable prompt, InMeMo boosts mIoU scores by 7.35 and 15.13 for foreground segmentation and single object detection tasks, respectively. Our findings suggest that InMeMo offers a versatile and efficient way to enhance the performance of visual ICL with lightweight training. Code is available at https://github.com/Jackieam/InMeMo.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 47 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Nov 2023.
Builds on
47 of 53 references.
References · 47
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
- 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
- 2019Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for NLPcited by 4,195
- 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,878
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
35 more
- 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
- 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,674
- 2021Learning to Prompt for Vision-Language Modelscited by 2,269
- 2021Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processingcited by 2,222
- 2022Visual Prompt Tuningcited by 1,674
- 2022Conditional Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,427
- 2021What Makes Good In-Context Examples for GPT-3?cited by 1,184
- 2021Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order Sensitivitycited by 1,122
- 2022Measuring and Narrowing the Compositionality Gap in Language Modelscited by 1,054
- 2020AdapterFusion: Non-Destructive Task Composition for Transfer Learningcited by 780
- 2021Domain Generalization: A Surveycited by 760
- 2021Learning To Retrieve Prompts for In-Context Learningcited by 641
- 2021MetaICL: Learning to Learn In Contextcited by 450
- 2017One-Shot Learning for Semantic Segmentationcited by 337
- 2022Images Speak in Images: A Generalist Painter for In-Context Visual Learningcited by 317
- 2022Exploring Visual Prompts for Adapting Large-Scale Modelscited by 271
- 2022Black-Box Tuning for Language-Model-as-a-Servicecited by 254
- 2022Visual Prompting via Image Inpaintingcited by 248
- 2021PTR: Prompt Tuning with Rules for Text Classificationcited by 238
- 2022Demystifying Prompts in Language Models via Perplexity Estimationcited by 215
- 2021Knowledgeable Prompt-tuning: Incorporating Knowledge into Prompt Verbalizer for Text Classificationcited by 183
- 2021Noisy Channel Language Model Prompting for Few-Shot Text Classificationcited by 163
- 2022Self-Adaptive In-Context Learning: An Information Compression Perspective for In-Context Example Selection and Orderingcited by 158
- 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
- 2023What Makes Good Examples for Visual In-Context Learning?cited by 150
- 2018Adversarial Reprogramming of Neural Networkscited by 115
- 2022An Information-theoretic Approach to Prompt Engineering Without Ground Truth Labelscited by 88
- 2022Understanding and Improving Visual Prompting: A Label-Mapping Perspectivecited by 86
- 2020Transfer Learning without Knowing: Reprogramming Black-box Machine Learning Models with Scarce Data and Limited Resourcescited by 83
- 2023BlackVIP: Black-Box Visual Prompting for Robust Transfer Learningcited by 70
- 2022Self-Generated In-Context Learning: Leveraging Auto-regressive Language Models as a Demonstration Generatorcited by 68
- 2023How Do In-Context Examples Affect Compositional Generalization?cited by 51
- 2023Exploring Effective Factors for Improving Visual In-Context Learningcited by 43
- 2021Cross-modal Adversarial Reprogrammingcited by 34
- 2022On the Compositional Generalization Gap of In-Context Learningcited by 24
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 12; 2025: 11; 2026: 7.
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- 2024Universal Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models: Backdoor Attacks for In-context Learningcited by 47
- 2024RATT: A Thought Structure for Coherent and Correct LLM Reasoningcited by 39
- 2024Image Segmentation in Foundation Model Era: A Surveycited by 35
- 2024SketchAgent: Language-Driven Sequential Sketch Generationcited by 30
- 2025A Survey on Progress in LLM Alignment from the Perspective of Reward Designcited by 15
- 2024VASCAR: Content-Aware Layout Generation via Visual-Aware Self-Correctioncited by 14
- 2024CoDA: Instructive Chain-of-Domain Adaptation with Severity-Aware Visual Prompt Tuningcited by 13
- 2024Cropper: Vision-Language Model for Image Cropping through In-Context Learningcited by 10
- 2025Embracing Collaboration Over Competition: Condensing Multiple Prompts for Visual In-Context Learningcited by 7
- 2024Efficient In-Context Medical Segmentation with Meta-driven Visual Prompt Selectioncited by 4
- 2025ConText: Driving In-context Learning for Text Removal and Segmentationcited by 3
- 2024Proactive Schemes: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks for Social Goodcited by 2
18 more
- 2025Towards Predicting Any Human Trajectory In Contextcited by 2
- 2026VIOLA: Towards Video In-Context Learning with Minimal Annotationscited by 2
- 2026PromptHub: Enhancing Multi-Prompt Visual In-Context Learning with Locality-Aware Fusion, Concentration and Alignmentcited by 2
- 2024Dental Severity Assessment through Few-shot Learning and SBERT Fine-tuningcited by 1
- 2024GPT Sonograpy: Hand Gesture Decoding from Forearm Ultrasound Images via VLMcited by 1
- 2025E-InMeMo: Enhanced Prompting for Visual In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2025EmoGist: Efficient In-Context Learning for Visual Emotion Understandingcited by 1
- 2025PANICL: Mitigating Over-Reliance on Single Prompt in Visual In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2025Multi-Modal Feature Fusion for Spatial Morphology Analysis of Traditional Villages via Hierarchical Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2026Enhancing Visual In-Context Learning by Multi-Faceted Fusioncited by 1
- 2024A Simple Framework Uniting Visual In-context Learning with Masked Image Modeling to Improve Ultrasound Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Time-Contrastive Pretraining for In-Context Image and Video Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Cycle Context Verification for In-Context Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025FlexICL: A Flexible Visual In-context Learning Framework for Elbow and Wrist Ultrasound Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Single Prompts: Synergistic Fusion and Arrangement for VICLcited by 0
- 2026Love Me, Love My Label: Rethinking the Role of Labels in Prompt Retrieval for Visual In-Context Learningcited by 0
- 2026PromptPath: Prompt-Adaptive Computational Pathways for In-Context Learningcited by 0
- 2026Unifying Video Tasks via Spatiotemporal Analogycited by 0
- 2026Unifying Video Tasks via Spatiotemporal Analogy27 Sep 2026
- 2026PromptPath: Prompt-Adaptive Computational Pathways for In-Context Learning3 Aug 2026
- 2026Love Me, Love My Label: Rethinking the Role of Labels in Prompt Retrieval for Visual In-Context Learning4 Apr 2026
- 2026PromptHub: Enhancing Multi-Prompt Visual In-Context Learning with Locality-Aware Fusion, Concentration and Alignment19 Mar 2026
- 2026VIOLA: Towards Video In-Context Learning with Minimal Annotations22 Jan 2026
- 2026Beyond Single Prompts: Synergistic Fusion and Arrangement for VICL15 Jan 2026
- 2026Enhancing Visual In-Context Learning by Multi-Faceted Fusion15 Jan 2026
- 2025Multi-Modal Feature Fusion for Spatial Morphology Analysis of Traditional Villages via Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks31 Oct 2025
- 2025FlexICL: A Flexible Visual In-context Learning Framework for Elbow and Wrist Ultrasound Segmentation30 Oct 2025
- 2025PANICL: Mitigating Over-Reliance on Single Prompt in Visual In-Context Learning26 Sep 2025
- 2025Cycle Context Verification for In-Context Medical Image Segmentation11 Jul 2025
- 2025Time-Contrastive Pretraining for In-Context Image and Video Segmentation21 Jun 2025
18 more
- 2025ConText: Driving In-context Learning for Text Removal and Segmentation4 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Predicting Any Human Trajectory In Context1 Jun 2025
- 2025EmoGist: Efficient In-Context Learning for Visual Emotion Understanding20 May 2025
- 2025A Survey on Progress in LLM Alignment from the Perspective of Reward Design5 May 2025
- 2025Embracing Collaboration Over Competition: Condensing Multiple Prompts for Visual In-Context Learning30 Apr 2025
- 2025E-InMeMo: Enhanced Prompting for Visual In-Context Learning25 Apr 2025
- 2024VASCAR: Content-Aware Layout Generation via Visual-Aware Self-Correction5 Dec 2024
- 2024SketchAgent: Language-Driven Sequential Sketch Generation26 Nov 2024
- 2024Proactive Schemes: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks for Social Good24 Sep 2024
- 2024Image Segmentation in Foundation Model Era: A Survey23 Aug 2024
- 2024Cropper: Vision-Language Model for Image Cropping through In-Context Learning14 Aug 2024
- 2024Efficient In-Context Medical Segmentation with Meta-driven Visual Prompt Selection15 Jul 2024
- 2024GPT Sonograpy: Hand Gesture Decoding from Forearm Ultrasound Images via VLM15 Jul 2024
- 2024RATT: A Thought Structure for Coherent and Correct LLM Reasoning4 Jun 2024
- 2024CoDA: Instructive Chain-of-Domain Adaptation with Severity-Aware Visual Prompt Tuning26 Mar 2024
- 2024Dental Severity Assessment through Few-shot Learning and SBERT Fine-tuning24 Feb 2024
- 2024A Simple Framework Uniting Visual In-context Learning with Masked Image Modeling to Improve Ultrasound Segmentation22 Feb 2024
- 2024Universal Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models: Backdoor Attacks for In-context Learning11 Jan 2024
- 2024Image Segmentation in Foundation Model Era: A Surveycited by 35
- 2024Image Segmentation in Foundation Model Era: A Survey23 Aug 2024
- 2024SketchAgent: Language-Driven Sequential Sketch Generationcited by 30
- 2024VASCAR: Content-Aware Layout Generation via Visual-Aware Self-Correctioncited by 14
- 2024CoDA: Instructive Chain-of-Domain Adaptation with Severity-Aware Visual Prompt Tuningcited by 13
- 2025Embracing Collaboration Over Competition: Condensing Multiple Prompts for Visual In-Context Learningcited by 7
- 2024Efficient In-Context Medical Segmentation with Meta-driven Visual Prompt Selectioncited by 4
- 2025ConText: Driving In-context Learning for Text Removal and Segmentationcited by 3
- 2024Proactive Schemes: A Survey of Adversarial Attacks for Social Goodcited by 2
- 2025Towards Predicting Any Human Trajectory In Contextcited by 2
- 2026PromptHub: Enhancing Multi-Prompt Visual In-Context Learning with Locality-Aware Fusion, Concentration and Alignmentcited by 2
- 2024Dental Severity Assessment through Few-shot Learning and SBERT Fine-tuningcited by 1
- 2025E-InMeMo: Enhanced Prompting for Visual In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2025EmoGist: Efficient In-Context Learning for Visual Emotion Understandingcited by 1
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026Unifying Video Tasks via Spatiotemporal Analogy27 Sep 2026
- 2026PromptPath: Prompt-Adaptive Computational Pathways for In-Context Learning3 Aug 2026
- 2026Love Me, Love My Label: Rethinking the Role of Labels in Prompt Retrieval for Visual In-Context Learning4 Apr 2026
- 2026PromptHub: Enhancing Multi-Prompt Visual In-Context Learning with Locality-Aware Fusion, Concentration and Alignment19 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Single Prompts: Synergistic Fusion and Arrangement for VICL15 Jan 2026
- 2026Enhancing Visual In-Context Learning by Multi-Faceted Fusion15 Jan 2026
- 2025Multi-Modal Feature Fusion for Spatial Morphology Analysis of Traditional Villages via Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks31 Oct 2025
- 2025FlexICL: A Flexible Visual In-context Learning Framework for Elbow and Wrist Ultrasound Segmentation30 Oct 2025
- 2025PANICL: Mitigating Over-Reliance on Single Prompt in Visual In-Context Learning26 Sep 2025
- 2025Cycle Context Verification for In-Context Medical Image Segmentation11 Jul 2025
- 2025Time-Contrastive Pretraining for In-Context Image and Video Segmentation21 Jun 2025
- 2025ConText: Driving In-context Learning for Text Removal and Segmentation4 Jun 2025
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)