Automatic Evaluation of Generative Models with Instruction Tuning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Automatic evaluation of natural language generation has long been an elusive goal in NLP.A recent paradigm fine-tunes pre-trained language models to emulate human judgements for a particular task and evaluation criterion. Inspired by the generalization ability of instruction-tuned models, we propose a learned metric based on instruction tuning. To test our approach, we collected HEAP, a dataset of human judgements across various NLG tasks and evaluation criteria. Our findings demonstrate that instruction tuning language models on HEAP yields good performance on many evaluation tasks, though some criteria are less trivial to learn than others. Further, jointly training on multiple tasks can yield additional performance improvements, which can be beneficial for future tasks with little to no human annotated data.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Oct 2023.
Builds on
21 of 39 references.
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9 more
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2023X-Eval: Generalizable Multi-aspect Text Evaluation via Augmented Instruction Tuning with Auxiliary Evaluation Aspectscited by 28
- 2025Goal Alignment in LLM-Based User Simulators for Conversational AIcited by 19
- 2026Sparking Scientific Creativity via LLM-Driven Interdisciplinary Inspirationcited by 4
- 2025Beyond Sample-Level Feedback: Using Reference-Level Feedback to Guide Data Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026Sparking Scientific Creativity via LLM-Driven Interdisciplinary Inspiration12 Mar 2026
- 2025Goal Alignment in LLM-Based User Simulators for Conversational AI27 Jul 2025
- 2025Beyond Sample-Level Feedback: Using Reference-Level Feedback to Guide Data Synthesis6 Feb 2025
- 2023X-Eval: Generalizable Multi-aspect Text Evaluation via Augmented Instruction Tuning with Auxiliary Evaluation Aspects15 Nov 2023