WebWISE: Web Interface Control and Sequential Exploration with Large Language Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The paper investigates using a Large Language Model (LLM) to automatically perform web software tasks using click, scroll, and text input operations. Previous approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) or imitation learning, are inefficient to train and task-specific. Our method uses filtered Document Object Model (DOM) elements as observations and performs tasks step-by-step, sequentially generating small programs based on the current observations. We use in-context learning, either benefiting from a single manually provided example, or an automatically generated example based on a successful zero-shot trial. We evaluate the proposed method on the MiniWob++ benchmark. With only one in-context example, our WebWISE method achieves similar or better performance than other methods that require many demonstrations or trials.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2023.
Builds on
27 of 35 references.
References · 27
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
- 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,057
- 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
15 more
- 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Modelscited by 871
- 2023Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Modelscited by 659
- 2022PAL: Program-aided Language Modelscited by 635
- 2022ProgPrompt: Generating Situated Robot Task Plans using Large Language Modelscited by 598
- 2022Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 593
- 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoningcited by 591
- 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 507
- 2023Augmented Language Models: a Surveycited by 398
- 2023Language Models can Solve Computer Taskscited by 371
- 2018Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Explorationcited by 282
- 2023Multimodal Web Navigation with Instruction-Finetuned Foundation Modelscited by 159
- 2022A data-driven approach for learning to control computerscited by 87
- 2019DOM-Q-NET: Grounded RL on Structured Languagecited by 25
- 2021Automatic Web Testing using Curiosity-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2022Improving Policy Learning via Language Dynamics Distillationcited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 584
- 2024Large Multimodal Agents: A Surveycited by 99
- 2025OctoTools: An Agentic Framework with Extensible Tools for Complex Reasoningcited by 69
- 2025Infrastructure for AI Agentscited by 40
- 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Usecited by 35
- 2024IDs for AI Systemscited by 18
- 2026WebArbiter: A Principle-Guided Reasoning Process Reward Model for Web Agentscited by 7
- 2024Human-Centered LLM-Agent User Interface: A Position Papercited by 3
- 2025VLM Q-Learning: Aligning Vision-Language Models for Interactive Decision-Makingcited by 3
- 2025AgentTypo: Adaptive Typographic Prompt Injection Attacks against Black-box Multimodal Agentscited by 3
- 2025Empowering Multimodal LLMs with External Tools: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 2
- 2026WebArbiter: A Principle-Guided Reasoning Process Reward Model for Web Agents29 Jan 2026
- 2025AgentTypo: Adaptive Typographic Prompt Injection Attacks against Black-box Multimodal Agents5 Oct 2025
- 2025Empowering Multimodal LLMs with External Tools: A Comprehensive Survey14 Aug 2025
- 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Use6 Aug 2025
- 2025VLM Q-Learning: Aligning Vision-Language Models for Interactive Decision-Making6 May 2025
- 2025OctoTools: An Agentic Framework with Extensible Tools for Complex Reasoning16 Feb 2025
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan 2025
- 2025Infrastructure for AI Agents17 Jan 2025
- 2024IDs for AI Systems17 Jun 2024
- 2024Human-Centered LLM-Agent User Interface: A Position Paper19 May 2024
- 2024Large Multimodal Agents: A Survey23 Feb 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Navigating WebAI: Training Agents to Complete Web Tasks with Large Language Models and Reinforcement Learning
- 2025WebRenderBench: Enhancing Web Interface Generation through Layout-Style Consistency and Reinforcement Learning
- 2024AutoWebGLM: A Large Language Model-based Web Navigating Agent
- 2023AllTogether: Investigating the Efficacy of Spliced Prompt for Web Navigation using Large Language Models
- 2026WebGrader: Training LLMs for Web Development with Self-Evolving Programmatic Grader
- 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
- 2023Exposing Limitations of Language Model Agents in Sequential-Task Compositions on the Web
- 2025Web-Shepherd: Advancing PRMs for Reinforcing Web Agents