mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

OceanGPT: A Large Language Model for Ocean Science Tasks

arXiv 2310.02031 ↗First posted 3 Oct 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.CEcited by 42

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Abstract (arXiv)

Ocean science, which delves into the oceans that are reservoirs of life and biodiversity, is of great significance given that oceans cover over 70% of our planet's surface. Recently, advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the paradigm in science. Despite the success in other domains, current LLMs often fall short in catering to the needs of domain experts like oceanographers, and the potential of LLMs for ocean science is under-explored. The intrinsic reasons are the immense and intricate nature of ocean data as well as the necessity for higher granularity and richness in knowledge. To alleviate these issues, we introduce OceanGPT, the first-ever large language model in the ocean domain, which is expert in various ocean science tasks. We also propose OceanGPT, a novel framework to automatically obtain a large volume of ocean domain instruction data, which generates instructions based on multi-agent collaboration. Additionally, we construct the first oceanography benchmark, OceanBench, to evaluate the capabilities of LLMs in the ocean domain. Though comprehensive experiments, OceanGPT not only shows a higher level of knowledge expertise for oceans science tasks but also gains preliminary embodied intelligence capabilities in ocean technology.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Oct 2023.

Builds on

32 of 53 references.

References · 32

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
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20 more
  1. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  2. 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
  3. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
  4. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
  5. 2022LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applicationscited by 1,218
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  13. 2022BioGPT: Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Biomedical Text Generation and Miningcited by 531
  14. 2023StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Datacited by 339
  15. 2023MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedbackcited by 293
  16. 2022Reasoning with Language Model Prompting: A Surveycited by 251
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  18. 2023TableGPT: Towards Unifying Tables, Nature Language and Commands into One GPTcited by 57
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 15; 2025: 18; 2026: 8.

42 papers.

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  1. 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 480
  2. 2024A Survey on Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Modelscited by 276
  3. 2024Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 228
  4. 2024Exploring Large Language Model based Intelligent Agents: Definitions, Methods, and Prospectscited by 130
  5. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Scientific Large Language Models and Their Applications in Scientific Discoverycited by 96
  6. 2024Knowledge Mechanisms in Large Language Models: A Survey and Perspectivecited by 50
  7. 2025A Survey of Scientific Large Language Models: From Data Foundations to Agent Frontierscited by 34
  8. 2025Scientists' First Exam: Probing Cognitive Abilities of MLLM via Perception, Understanding, and Reasoningcited by 33
  9. 2023Foundation Models for Weather and Climate Data Understanding: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 32
  10. 2024LogiCode: an LLM-Driven Framework for Logical Anomaly Detectioncited by 18
  11. 2025Accelerating Earth Science Discovery via Multi-Agent LLM Systemscited by 13
  12. 2024WeatherGFM: Learning A Weather Generalist Foundation Model via In-context Learningcited by 12
30 more
  1. 2024BioKGBench: A Knowledge Graph Checking Benchmark of AI Agent for Biomedical Sciencecited by 8
  2. 2025EarthSE: A Benchmark for Evaluating Earth Scientific Exploration Capability of LLMscited by 7
  3. 2024Bailicai: A Domain-Optimized Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Medical Applicationscited by 6
  4. 2025PEACE: Empowering Geologic Map Holistic Understanding with MLLMscited by 6
  5. 2025RedOne: Revealing Domain-specific LLM Post-Training in Social Networking Servicescited by 6
  6. 2025NAUTILUS: A Large Multimodal Model for Underwater Scene Understandingcited by 5
  7. 2024Interpretable Machine Learning for Weather and Climate Prediction: A Surveycited by 4
  8. 2024KUNPENG: An Embodied Large Model for Intelligent Maritimecited by 4
  9. 2025Foundation Models for Environmental Science: A Survey of Emerging Frontierscited by 4
  10. 2025OKG-LLM: Aligning Ocean Knowledge Graph with Observation Data via LLMs for Global Sea Surface Temperature Predictioncited by 4
  11. 2026A Hierarchical Multi-Agent System for Autonomous Discovery in Geoscientific Data Archivescited by 4
  12. 2025SPARC: Subspace-Aware Prompt Adaptation for Robust Continual Learning in LLMscited by 3
  13. 2025LocalGPT: Benchmarking and Advancing Large Language Models for Local Life Services in Meituancited by 3
  14. 2025ChronoLLM: Customizing Language Models for Physics-Based Simulation Code Generationcited by 3
  15. 2024FinLLM-B: When Large Language Models Meet Financial Breakout Tradingcited by 2
  16. 2024ChipExpert: The Open-Source Integrated-Circuit-Design-Specific Large Language Modelcited by 2
  17. 2025DREAM: Domain-aware Reasoning for Efficient Autonomous Underwater Monitoringcited by 2
  18. 2025Do Before You Judge: Self-Reference as a Pathway to Better LLM Evaluationcited by 2
  19. 2025LightRouter: Towards Efficient LLM Collaboration with Minimal Overheadcited by 1
  20. 2025The Transparent Earth: A Multimodal Foundation Model for the Earth's Subsurfacecited by 1
  21. 2025CFD-copilot: leveraging domain-adapted large language model and model context protocol to enhance simulation automationcited by 1
  22. 2026HydroAgent: Closing the Gap Between Frontier LLMs and Human Experts in Hydrologic Model Calibration via Simulator-Grounded RLcited by 1
  23. 2024Towards Efficient Large Language Models for Scientific Text: A Reviewcited by 0
  24. 2025HyperLoad: A Cross-Modality Enhanced Large Language Model-Based Framework for Green Data Center Cooling Load Predictioncited by 0
  25. 2026SolarGPT-QA: A Domain-Adaptive Large Language Model for Educational Question Answering in Space Weather and Heliophysicscited by 0
  26. 2026BAGEL: Benchmarking Animal Knowledge Expertise in Language Modelscited by 0
  27. 2026Earth Science Foundation Models: From Perception to Reasoning and Discoverycited by 0
  28. 2026Compass: Navigating Global Marine Lead Data Integration through Expert-Guided LLM Agentcited by 0
  29. 2026Redefining Maritime Anomaly Detection via Equation-Grounded Synthetic Anomaliescited by 0
  30. 2026SALUTE: Benchmarking and Adapting LLMs for the Defense Domaincited by 0