Hierarchical Evaluation Framework: Best Practices for Human Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Human evaluation plays a crucial role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) as it assesses the quality and relevance of developed systems, thereby facilitating their enhancement. However, the absence of widely accepted human evaluation metrics in NLP hampers fair comparisons among different systems and the establishment of universal assessment standards. Through an extensive analysis of existing literature on human evaluation metrics, we identified several gaps in NLP evaluation methodologies. These gaps served as motivation for developing our own hierarchical evaluation framework. The proposed framework offers notable advantages, particularly in providing a more comprehensive representation of the NLP system's performance. We applied this framework to evaluate the developed Machine Reading Comprehension system, which was utilized within a human-AI symbiosis model. The results highlighted the associations between the quality of inputs and outputs, underscoring the necessity to evaluate both components rather than solely focusing on outputs. In future work, we will investigate the potential time-saving benefits of our proposed framework for evaluators assessing NLP systems.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Oct 2023.
Builds on
9 of 26 references.
References · 9
- 2022Repairing the Cracked Foundation: A Survey of Obstacles in Evaluation Practices for Generated Textcited by 154
- 2022Revisiting the Gold Standard: Grounding Summarization Evaluation with Robust Human Evaluationcited by 141
- 2020Trading Off Diversity and Quality in Natural Language Generationcited by 94
- 2023Toward Verifiable and Reproducible Human Evaluation for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 66
- 2021NAREOR: The Narrative Reordering Problemcited by 14
- 2021Towards Standard Criteria for human evaluation of Chatbots: A Surveycited by 6
- 2022Translating Hanja Historical Documents to Contemporary Korean and Englishcited by 6
- 2023A Data-centric Framework for Improving Domain-specific Machine Reading Comprehension Datasetscited by 2
- 2023Building Extractive Question Answering System to Support Human-AI Health Coaching Model for Sleep Domaincited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2024Evaluating Human-AI Collaboration: A Review and Methodological Frameworkcited by 25
- 2025LLM-as-a-Judge for Privacy Evaluation? Exploring the Alignment of Human and LLM Perceptions of Privacy in Textual Datacited by 10
- 2026STABLEVAL: Disagreement-Aware and Stable Evaluation of AI Systemscited by 3
- 2024Evaluation of Attribution Bias in Generator-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025TextMineX: Data, Evaluation Framework and Ontology-guided LLM Pipeline for Humanitarian Mine Actioncited by 0
- 2026STABLEVAL: Disagreement-Aware and Stable Evaluation of AI Systems4 May 2026
- 2025TextMineX: Data, Evaluation Framework and Ontology-guided LLM Pipeline for Humanitarian Mine Action18 Sep 2025
- 2025LLM-as-a-Judge for Privacy Evaluation? Exploring the Alignment of Human and LLM Perceptions of Privacy in Textual Data16 Aug 2025
- 2024Evaluation of Attribution Bias in Generator-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models16 Oct 2024
- 2024Evaluating Human-AI Collaboration: A Review and Methodological Framework9 Jul 2024