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Hierarchical reinforcement learning with natural language subgoals

arXiv 2309.11564 ↗First posted 20 Sep 2023cs.LG cs.CLcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Hierarchical reinforcement learning has been a compelling approach for achieving goal directed behavior over long sequences of actions. However, it has been challenging to implement in realistic or open-ended environments. A main challenge has been to find the right space of sub-goals over which to instantiate a hierarchy. We present a novel approach where we use data from humans solving these tasks to softly supervise the goal space for a set of long range tasks in a 3D embodied environment. In particular, we use unconstrained natural language to parameterize this space. This has two advantages: first, it is easy to generate this data from naive human participants; second, it is flexible enough to represent a vast range of sub-goals in human-relevant tasks. Our approach outperforms agents that clone expert behavior on these tasks, as well as HRL from scratch without this supervised sub-goal space. Our work presents a novel approach to combining human expert supervision with the benefits and flexibility of reinforcement learning.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2023.

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17 of 20 references.

References · 17

  1. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
  2. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  3. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,037
  4. 2018IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecturescited by 866
  5. 2016Modular Multitask Reinforcement Learning with Policy Sketchescited by 200
  6. 2019A Survey of Reinforcement Learning Informed by Natural Languagecited by 154
  7. 2019Language as an Abstraction for Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 138
  8. 2015Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Natural Language Action Spacecited by 88
  9. 2015Language Understanding for Text-based Games Using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 70
  10. 2023Collaborating with language models for embodied reasoningcited by 61
  11. 2020Imitating Interactive Intelligencecited by 55
  12. 2021Tell me why! Explanations support learning relational and causal structurecited by 36
5 more
  1. 2020Ask Your Humans: Using Human Instructions to Improve Generalization in Reinforcement Learningcited by 32
  2. 2022Using Natural Language and Program Abstractions to Instill Human Inductive Biases in Machinescited by 20
  3. 2013Hierarchical Solution of Markov Decision Processes using Macro-actionscited by 19
  4. 2018Learning Robust Optionscited by 17
  5. 2020Using Unity to Help Solve Intelligencecited by 13

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3 papers.