mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Prefix-diffusion: A Lightweight Diffusion Model for Diverse Image Captioning

arXiv 2309.04965 ↗First posted 10 Sep 2023cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 7

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

While impressive performance has been achieved in image captioning, the limited diversity of the generated captions and the large parameter scale remain major barriers to the real-word application of these systems. In this work, we propose a lightweight image captioning network in combination with continuous diffusion, called Prefix-diffusion. To achieve diversity, we design an efficient method that injects prefix image embeddings into the denoising process of the diffusion model. In order to reduce trainable parameters, we employ a pre-trained model to extract image features and further design an extra mapping network. Prefix-diffusion is able to generate diverse captions with relatively less parameters, while maintaining the fluency and relevance of the captions benefiting from the generative capabilities of the diffusion model. Our work paves the way for scaling up diffusion models for image captioning, and achieves promising performance compared with recent approaches.

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 51 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Sep 2023.

Builds on

51 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Exploring Discrete Diffusion Models for Image Captioning21 Nov
  2. 2022Versatile Diffusion: Text, Images and Variations All in One Diffusion Model15 Nov
  3. 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoisers2 Nov
  4. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
  5. 2021DiffusionCLIP: Text-Guided Diffusion Models for Robust Image Manipulation6 Oct

Other references · 46

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  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
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  11. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,761
  12. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
34 more
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  2. 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,046
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  4. 2017Bottom-Up and Top-Down Attention for Image Captioning and Visual Question Answeringcited by 1,312
  5. 2015A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Modelscited by 1,077
  6. 2022Diffusion-LM Improves Controllable Text Generationcited by 1,027
  7. 2014Deep Visual-Semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptionscited by 968
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  9. 2016SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluationcited by 824
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  11. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 774
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  17. 2019Meshed-Memory Transformer for Image Captioningcited by 343
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  19. 2023Any-to-Any Generation via Composable Diffusioncited by 204
  20. 2022ProDiff: Progressive Fast Diffusion Model For High-Quality Text-to-Speechcited by 149
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  22. 2018Neural Baby Talkcited by 107
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  26. 2021Generating images from caption and vice versa via CLIP-Guided Generative Latent Space Searchcited by 57
  27. 2020Improving Image Captioning by Leveraging Intra- and Inter-layer Global Representation in Transformer Networkcited by 48
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  34. 2022Every picture tells a story: Image-grounded controllable stylistic story generationcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

7 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023DiffCap: Exploring Continuous Diffusion on Image Captioning
  2. 2022CLIP-Diffusion-LM: Apply Diffusion Model on Image Captioning
  3. 2022Semantic-Conditional Diffusion Networks for Image Captioning
  4. 2025Reusing Computation in Text-to-Image Diffusion for Efficient Generation of Image Sets
  5. 2025Enhancing Text-to-Image Diffusion Transformer via Split-Text Conditioning
  6. 2023A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Principled Recaptioning Improves Image Generation
  7. 2022Shifted Diffusion for Text-to-image Generation
  8. 2024DiffusionPID: Interpreting Diffusion via Partial Information Decomposition