mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

On the Planning, Search, and Memorization Capabilities of Large Language Models

arXiv 2309.01868 ↗First posted 5 Sep 2023cs.CL cs.AIcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid advancement of large language models, such as the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) series, has had significant implications across various disciplines. In this study, we investigate the potential of the state-of-the-art large language model (GPT-4) for planning tasks. We explore its effectiveness in multiple planning subfields, highlighting both its strengths and limitations. Through a comprehensive examination, we identify areas where large language models excel in solving planning problems and reveal the constraints that limit their applicability. Our empirical analysis focuses on GPT-4's performance in planning domain extraction, graph search path planning, and adversarial planning. We then propose a way of fine-tuning a domain-specific large language model to improve its Chain of Thought (CoT) capabilities for the above-mentioned tasks. The results provide valuable insights into the potential applications of large language models in the planning domain and pave the way for future research to overcome their limitations and expand their capabilities.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2023.

Builds on

15 of 26 references.

References · 15

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,348
  4. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,081
  5. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,035
  6. 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Financecited by 939
  7. 2023Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problemscited by 638
  8. 2022ProgPrompt: Generating Situated Robot Task Plans using Large Language Modelscited by 611
  9. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Modelscited by 462
  10. 2022LM-Nav: Robotic Navigation with Large Pre-Trained Models of Language, Vision, and Actioncited by 439
  11. 2022PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about Changecited by 382
  12. 2020BioMegatron: Larger Biomedical Domain Language Modelcited by 76
3 more
  1. 2021Medically Aware GPT-3 as a Data Generator for Medical Dialogue Summarizationcited by 76
  2. 2022On Grounded Planning for Embodied Tasks with Language Modelscited by 33
  3. 2022Automaton-Based Representations of Task Knowledge from Generative Language Modelscited by 12

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1.

1 paper.

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  1. 2024Exploring and Benchmarking the Planning Capabilities of Large Language Models
  2. 2024ALPINE: Unveiling the Planning Capability of Autoregressive Learning in Language Models
  3. 2025LLMs Can Plan Only If We Tell Them
  4. 2023Translating Natural Language to Planning Goals with Large-Language Models
  5. 2024Unlocking Large Language Model's Planning Capabilities with Maximum Diversity Fine-tuning
  6. 2025On the Limits of Innate Planning in Large Language Models
  7. 2022Few-shot Subgoal Planning with Language Models
  8. 2026Planning with Transformers: Chain of Computation and Structured Context Windows