Large Content And Behavior Models To Understand, Simulate, And Optimize Content And Behavior
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Abstract (arXiv)
Shannon and Weaver's seminal information theory divides communication into three levels: technical, semantic, and effectiveness. While the technical level deals with the accurate reconstruction of transmitted symbols, the semantic and effectiveness levels deal with the inferred meaning and its effect on the receiver. Large Language Models (LLMs), with their wide generalizability, make some progress towards the second level. However, LLMs and other communication models are not conventionally designed for predicting and optimizing communication for desired receiver behaviors and intents. As a result, the effectiveness level remains largely untouched by modern communication systems. In this paper, we introduce the receivers' "behavior tokens," such as shares, likes, clicks, purchases, and retweets, in the LLM's training corpora to optimize content for the receivers and predict their behaviors. Other than showing similar performance to LLMs on content understanding tasks, our trained models show generalization capabilities on the behavior dimension for behavior simulation, content simulation, behavior understanding, and behavior domain adaptation. We show results on all these capabilities using a wide range of tasks on three corpora. We call these models Large Content and Behavior Models (LCBMs). Further, to spur more research on LCBMs, we release our new Content Behavior Corpus (CBC), a repository containing communicator, message, and corresponding receiver behavior (https://behavior-in-the-wild.github.io/LCBM).
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2023.
Builds on
34 of 56 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
9 papers.
- 2024When Search Engine Services meet Large Language Models: Visions and Challengescited by 59
- 2024Measuring and Improving Persuasiveness of Large Language Modelscited by 18
- 2024Hypergraph Multi-modal Large Language Model: Exploiting EEG and Eye-tracking Modalities to Evaluate Heterogeneous Responses for Video Understandingcited by 4
- 2025Looking Beyond the Obvious: A Survey on Abstract Concept Recognition for Video Understandingcited by 3
- 2023Behavior Optimized Image Generationcited by 2
- 2024Teaching Human Behavior Improves Content Understanding Abilities Of LLMscited by 2
- 2026How Well Do Large Language Models Capture Human Personality?cited by 2
- 2026Large Behavior Model: A Promptable Digital Twin of the Retail Customercited by 1
- 2026A Comprehensive Review of Generative Physical Artificial Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026A Comprehensive Review of Generative Physical Artificial Intelligence16 Sep 2026
- 2026Large Behavior Model: A Promptable Digital Twin of the Retail Customer8 Jul 2026
- 2026How Well Do Large Language Models Capture Human Personality?12 May 2026
- 2025Looking Beyond the Obvious: A Survey on Abstract Concept Recognition for Video Understanding28 Aug 2025
- 2024Measuring and Improving Persuasiveness of Large Language Models3 Oct 2024
- 2024Hypergraph Multi-modal Large Language Model: Exploiting EEG and Eye-tracking Modalities to Evaluate Heterogeneous Responses for Video Understanding11 Jul 2024
- 2024When Search Engine Services meet Large Language Models: Visions and Challenges28 Jun 2024
- 2024Teaching Human Behavior Improves Content Understanding Abilities Of LLMs2 May 2024
- 2023Behavior Optimized Image Generation18 Nov 2023