mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Discrete Tokens to High-Fidelity Audio Using Multi-Band Diffusion

arXiv 2308.02560 ↗First posted 2 Aug 2023cs.SD cs.LG eess.AScited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Deep generative models can generate high-fidelity audio conditioned on various types of representations (e.g., mel-spectrograms, Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)). Recently, such models have been used to synthesize audio waveforms conditioned on highly compressed representations. Although such methods produce impressive results, they are prone to generate audible artifacts when the conditioning is flawed or imperfect. An alternative modeling approach is to use diffusion models. However, these have mainly been used as speech vocoders (i.e., conditioned on mel-spectrograms) or generating relatively low sampling rate signals. In this work, we propose a high-fidelity multi-band diffusion-based framework that generates any type of audio modality (e.g., speech, music, environmental sounds) from low-bitrate discrete representations. At equal bit rate, the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art generative techniques in terms of perceptual quality. Training and, evaluation code, along with audio samples, are available on the facebookresearch/audiocraft Github page.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Aug 2023.

Builds on

43 of 51 references.

References · 43

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  5. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  7. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  8. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
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  10. 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
  11. 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,710
  12. 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,358
31 more
  1. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,339
  2. 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,155
  3. 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,139
  4. 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 756
  5. 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 737
  6. 2022High Fidelity Neural Audio Compressioncited by 673
  7. 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
  8. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
  9. 2023Simple and Controllable Music Generationcited by 480
  10. 2023MusicLM: Generating Music From Textcited by 442
  11. 2023High-Fidelity Audio Compression with Improved RVQGANcited by 423
  12. 2023Simple diffusion: End-to-end diffusion for high resolution imagescited by 413
  13. 2019Clotho: An Audio Captioning Datasetcited by 354
  14. 2019MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesiscited by 351
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  16. 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio Generationcited by 292
  17. 2021Speech Resynthesis from Discrete Disentangled Self-Supervised Representationscited by 243
  18. 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
  19. 2023Noise2Music: Text-conditioned Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 173
  20. 2023Speak, Read and Prompt: High-Fidelity Text-to-Speech with Minimal Supervisioncited by 167
  21. 2021Text-Free Prosody-Aware Generative Spoken Language Modelingcited by 119
  22. 2019Music Source Separation in the Waveform Domaincited by 98
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  24. 2022ICASSP 2022 Deep Noise Suppression Challengecited by 57
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  26. 2022Full-band General Audio Synthesis with Score-based Diffusioncited by 32
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 11; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2025Recent Advances in Discrete Speech Tokens: A Reviewcited by 42
  2. 2024LLMs Meet Multimodal Generation and Editing: A Surveycited by 35
  3. 2024Boosting Latent Diffusion with Perceptual Objectivescited by 19
  4. 2025FlowDec: A flow-based full-band general audio codec with high perceptual qualitycited by 15
  5. 2025Audio Super-Resolution with Latent Bridge Modelscited by 13
  6. 2024PeriodWave: Multi-Period Flow Matching for High-Fidelity Waveform Generationcited by 12
  7. 2024RFWave: Multi-band Rectified Flow for Audio Waveform Reconstructioncited by 9
  8. 2023Generative De-Quantization for Neural Speech Codec via Latent Diffusioncited by 8
  9. 2024Learning Source Disentanglement in Neural Audio Codeccited by 6
  10. 2024Accelerating High-Fidelity Waveform Generation via Adversarial Flow Matching Optimizationcited by 4
  11. 2025Flow2GAN: Hybrid Flow Matching and GAN with Multi-Resolution Network for Few-step High-Fidelity Audio Generationcited by 4
  12. 2024PSCodec: A Series of High-Fidelity Low-bitrate Neural Speech Codecs Leveraging Prompt Encoderscited by 3
10 more
  1. 2024FlowMAC: Conditional Flow Matching for Audio Coding at Low Bit Ratescited by 3
  2. 2025Generative AI Training and Copyright Lawcited by 3
  3. 2024A Language Modeling Approach to Diacritic-Free Hebrew TTScited by 2
  4. 2025Efficient and Fast Generative-Based Singing Voice Separation using a Latent Diffusion Modelcited by 2
  5. 2024Boosting Diffusion Model for Spectrogram Up-sampling in Text-to-speech: An Empirical Studycited by 1
  6. 2025On the Design of Diffusion-based Neural Speech Codecscited by 1
  7. 2024Compression of Higher Order Ambisonics with Multichannel RVQGANcited by 0
  8. 2025Toward Agentic Environments: GenAI and the Convergence of AI, Sustainability, and Human-Centric Spacescited by 0
  9. 2026Latent Fourier Transformcited by 0
  10. 2026Geometric Iterative Retrieval for Neural Audio Codec Resynthesiscited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Audio Generation Through Score-Based Generative Modeling: Design Principles and Implementation
  2. 2023EDMSound: Spectrogram Based Diffusion Models for Efficient and High-Quality Audio Synthesis
  3. 2023ArchiSound: Audio Generation with Diffusion
  4. 2024Diffusion Models for Audio Restoration
  5. 2022BDDM: Bilateral Denoising Diffusion Models for Fast and High-Quality Speech Synthesis
  6. 2024Long-form music generation with latent diffusion
  7. 2025WaveFM: A High-Fidelity and Efficient Vocoder Based on Flow Matching
  8. 2023A Survey on Audio Diffusion Models: Text To Speech Synthesis and Enhancement in Generative AI