mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

RRAML: Reinforced Retrieval Augmented Machine Learning

arXiv 2307.12798 ↗First posted 24 Jul 2023cs.CL cs.IRcited by 6

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Agentic RAG, agents and memory

Abstract (arXiv)

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized machine learning and related fields, showcasing remarkable abilities in comprehending, generating, and manipulating human language. However, their conventional usage through API-based text prompt submissions imposes certain limitations in terms of context constraints and external source availability. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework called Reinforced Retrieval Augmented Machine Learning (RRAML). RRAML integrates the reasoning capabilities of LLMs with supporting information retrieved by a purpose-built retriever from a vast user-provided database. By leveraging recent advancements in reinforcement learning, our method effectively addresses several critical challenges. Firstly, it circumvents the need for accessing LLM gradients. Secondly, our method alleviates the burden of retraining LLMs for specific tasks, as it is often impractical or impossible due to restricted access to the model and the computational intensity involved. Additionally we seamlessly link the retriever's task with the reasoner, mitigating hallucinations and reducing irrelevant, and potentially damaging retrieved documents. We believe that the research agenda outlined in this paper has the potential to profoundly impact the field of AI, democratizing access to and utilization of LLMs for a wide range of entities.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agentic RAG, agents and memory, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 19 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2023.

Builds on

19 of 28 references.

References · 19

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  5. 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
  6. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  7. 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
  8. 2021Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order Sensitivitycited by 1,122
  9. 2018Wizard of Wikipedia: Knowledge-Powered Conversational agentscited by 530
  10. 2023Check Your Facts and Try Again: Improving Large Language Models with External Knowledge and Automated Feedbackcited by 351
  11. 2020Implementation Matters in Deep Policy Gradients: A Case Study on PPO and TRPOcited by 184
  12. 2017A Knowledge-Grounded Neural Conversation Modelcited by 136
7 more
  1. 2022Retrieval-Enhanced Machine Learningcited by 46
  2. 2022Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Models via Nearest Neighbor Calibrationcited by 24
  3. 2021RetGen: A Joint framework for Retrieval and Grounded Text Generation Modelingcited by 22
  4. 2021Database Reasoning Over Textcited by 20
  5. 2022Factual and Informative Review Generation for Explainable Recommendationcited by 14
  6. 2023Fauno: The Italian Large Language Model that will leave you senza parole!cited by 13
  7. 2023Multimodal Neural Databasescited by 7

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 4.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025R1-Searcher++: Incentivizing the Dynamic Knowledge Acquisition of LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2025Rethinking On-policy Optimization for Query Augmentation
  3. 2025MARAG-R1: Beyond Single Retriever via Reinforcement-Learned Multi-Tool Agentic Retrieval
  4. 2026OThink-SRR1: Search, Refine and Reasoning with Reinforced Learning for Large Language Models
  5. 2023Query Rewriting for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models
  6. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learning
  7. 2025R3-RAG: Learning Step-by-Step Reasoning and Retrieval for LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
  8. 2025Retrieval Augmented Learning: A Retrial-based Large Language Model Self-Supervised Learning and Autonomous Knowledge Generation