mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PubMed and Beyond: Biomedical Literature Search in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

arXiv 2307.09683 ↗First posted 18 Jul 2023cs.IR cs.AI cs.DLcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Biomedical research yields a wealth of information, much of which is only accessible through the literature. Consequently, literature search is an essential tool for building on prior knowledge in clinical and biomedical research. Although recent improvements in artificial intelligence have expanded functionality beyond keyword-based search, these advances may be unfamiliar to clinicians and researchers. In response, we present a survey of literature search tools tailored to both general and specific information needs in biomedicine, with the objective of helping readers efficiently fulfill their information needs. We first examine the widely used PubMed search engine, discussing recent improvements and continued challenges. We then describe literature search tools catering to five specific information needs: 1. Identifying high-quality clinical research for evidence-based medicine. 2. Retrieving gene-related information for precision medicine and genomics. 3. Searching by meaning, including natural language questions. 4. Locating related articles with literature recommendation. 5. Mining literature to discover associations between concepts such as diseases and genetic variants. Additionally, we cover practical considerations and best practices for choosing and using these tools. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of literature search engines, considering recent breakthroughs in large language models such as ChatGPT. In summary, our survey provides a comprehensive view of biomedical literature search functionalities with 36 publicly available tools.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 108 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jul 2023.

Builds on

21 of 108 references.

References · 21

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9 more
  1. 2023Can ChatGPT Write a Good Boolean Query for Systematic Review Literature Search?cited by 54
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2024Improving Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Medicine with Iterative Follow-up Questionscited by 54
  2. 2024Hidden flaws behind expert-level accuracy of multimodal GPT-4 vision in medicinecited by 31
  3. 2024PubTator 3.0: an AI-powered Literature Resource for Unlocking Biomedical Knowledgecited by 29
  4. 2024Accelerating Clinical Evidence Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 15
  5. 2024From Intention To Implementation: Automating Biomedical Research via LLMscited by 7
  6. 2025MedKGent: A Large Language Model Agent Framework for Constructing Temporally Evolving Medical Knowledge Graphcited by 5
  7. 2025Benchmarking GPT-5 for biomedical natural language processingcited by 5
  8. 2025From Knowledge Generation to Knowledge Verification: Examining the BioMedical Generative Capabilities of ChatGPTcited by 4
  9. 2025Enabling AI Scientists to Recognize Innovation: A Domain-Agnostic Algorithm for Assessing Noveltycited by 4
  10. 2024Entry-level guide to the use of large language models for medical researchcited by 3
  11. 2026Med-V1: Small Language Models for Zero-shot and Scalable Biomedical Evidence Attributioncited by 2
  12. 2025A GenAI System for Improved FAIR Independent Biological Database Integrationcited by 1
4 more
  1. 2024Advancing Chinese biomedical text mining with community challengescited by 0
  2. 2025zERExtractor:An Automated Platform for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction Data Extraction from Scientific Literaturecited by 0
  3. 2026Health System Scale Semantic Search Across Unstructured Clinical Notescited by 0
  4. 2026Agents for Everyone: A Workshop Framework for Building Agentic AI Capabilities in a Distributed Curation Communitycited by 0