Beyond Black Box AI-Generated Plagiarism Detection: From Sentence to Document Level
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The increasing reliance on large language models (LLMs) in academic writing has led to a rise in plagiarism. Existing AI-generated text classifiers have limited accuracy and often produce false positives. We propose a novel approach using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, offering quantifiable metrics at both sentence and document levels for easier interpretation by human evaluators. Our method employs a multi-faceted approach, generating multiple paraphrased versions of a given question and inputting them into the LLM to generate answers. By using a contrastive loss function based on cosine similarity, we match generated sentences with those from the student's response. Our approach achieves up to 94% accuracy in classifying human and AI text, providing a robust and adaptable solution for plagiarism detection in academic settings. This method improves with LLM advancements, reducing the need for new model training or reconfiguration, and offers a more transparent way of evaluating and detecting AI-generated text.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2023.
Builds on
12 of 28 references.
References · 12
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,278
- 2016Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Informationcited by 1,581
- 2023DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvaturecited by 717
- 2019Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Modelscited by 511
- 2023How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detectioncited by 478
- 2023Harnessing the Power of LLMs in Practice: A Survey on ChatGPT and Beyondcited by 411
- 2023The Science of Detecting LLM-Generated Textscited by 128
- 2017A Tutorial on Kernel Density Estimation and Recent Advancescited by 101
- 2023MGTBench: Benchmarking Machine-Generated Text Detectioncited by 91
- 2023Will ChatGPT get you caught? Rethinking of Plagiarism Detectioncited by 41
- 2023ChatGPT in the Classroom: An Analysis of Its Strengths and Weaknesses for Solving Undergraduate Computer Science Questionscited by 13
- 2023AI, write an essay for me: A large-scale comparison of human-written versus ChatGPT-generated essayscited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2023A Survey on Large Language Model (LLM) Security and Privacy: The Good, the Bad, and the Uglycited by 387
- 2024Leak, Cheat, Repeat: Data Contamination and Evaluation Malpractices in Closed-Source LLMscited by 227
- 2024Securing Large Language Models: Threats, Vulnerabilities and Responsible Practicescited by 37
- 2025A Multi-Task Evaluation of LLMs' Processing of Academic Text Inputcited by 5
- 2023Beyond Traditional Teaching: The Potential of Large Language Models and Chatbots in Graduate Engineering Educationcited by 4
- 2024TrustAI at SemEval-2024 Task 8: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multi-domain Machine Generated Text Detection Techniquescited by 3
- 2024Detecting AI-Generated Texts in Cross-Domainscited by 2
- 2024ConvNLP: Image-based AI Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2025CL2GEC: A Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Continual Learning in Chinese Literature Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 0
- 2026Detecting undisclosed LLM-generated content in parliamentary textscited by 0
- 2026Detecting undisclosed LLM-generated content in parliamentary texts12 Jun 2026
- 2025CL2GEC: A Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Continual Learning in Chinese Literature Grammatical Error Correction17 Sep 2025
- 2025A Multi-Task Evaluation of LLMs' Processing of Academic Text Input15 Aug 2025
- 2024Detecting AI-Generated Texts in Cross-Domains17 Oct 2024
- 2024ConvNLP: Image-based AI Text Detection9 Jul 2024
- 2024TrustAI at SemEval-2024 Task 8: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multi-domain Machine Generated Text Detection Techniques25 Mar 2024
- 2024Securing Large Language Models: Threats, Vulnerabilities and Responsible Practices19 Mar 2024
- 2024Leak, Cheat, Repeat: Data Contamination and Evaluation Malpractices in Closed-Source LLMs6 Feb 2024
- 2023A Survey on Large Language Model (LLM) Security and Privacy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly4 Dec 2023
- 2023Beyond Traditional Teaching: The Potential of Large Language Models and Chatbots in Graduate Engineering Education9 Sep 2023