mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

3D Human Keypoints Estimation From Point Clouds in the Wild Without Human Labels

arXiv 2306.04745 ↗First posted 7 Jun 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 9

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Abstract (arXiv)

Training a 3D human keypoint detector from point clouds in a supervised manner requires large volumes of high quality labels. While it is relatively easy to capture large amounts of human point clouds, annotating 3D keypoints is expensive, subjective, error prone and especially difficult for long-tail cases (pedestrians with rare poses, scooterists, etc.). In this work, we propose GC-KPL - Geometry Consistency inspired Key Point Leaning, an approach for learning 3D human joint locations from point clouds without human labels. We achieve this by our novel unsupervised loss formulations that account for the structure and movement of the human body. We show that by training on a large training set from Waymo Open Dataset without any human annotated keypoints, we are able to achieve reasonable performance as compared to the fully supervised approach. Further, the backbone benefits from the unsupervised training and is useful in downstream fewshot learning of keypoints, where fine-tuning on only 10 percent of the labeled training data gives comparable performance to fine-tuning on the entire set. We demonstrated that GC-KPL outperforms by a large margin over SoTA when trained on entire dataset and efficiently leverages large volumes of unlabeled data.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2023.

Builds on

25 of 37 references.

References · 25

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  3. 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
  4. 2014Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagationcited by 1,906
  5. 2018Deep Clustering for Unsupervised Learning of Visual Featurescited by 1,020
  6. 2021Point-BERT: Pre-training 3D Point Cloud Transformers with Masked Point Modelingcited by 647
  7. 2020PointContrast: Unsupervised Pre-training for 3D Point Cloud Understandingcited by 502
  8. 2021Self-Supervised Pretraining of 3D Features on any Point-Cloudcited by 217
  9. 2020Unsupervised Point Cloud Pre-Training via Occlusion Completioncited by 186
  10. 2021Spatio-temporal Self-Supervised Representation Learning for 3D Point Cloudscited by 180
  11. 2018Unsupervised Learning of Object Landmarks through Conditional Image Generationcited by 113
  12. 2021Neural Scene Flow Priorcited by 91
13 more
  1. 2018Discovery of Latent 3D Keypoints via End-to-end Geometric Reasoningcited by 79
  2. 2019USIP: Unsupervised Stable Interest Point Detection from 3D Point Cloudscited by 70
  3. 2021Watch It Move: Unsupervised Discovery of 3D Joints for Re-Posing of Articulated Objectscited by 50
  4. 2021Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation with 2D Weak Supervision in Autonomous Drivingcited by 39
  5. 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
  6. 2022LiDARCap: Long-range Marker-less 3D Human Motion Capture with LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 32
  7. 2018PedX: Benchmark Dataset for Metric 3D Pose Estimation of Pedestrians in Complex Urban Intersectionscited by 27
  8. 2021Unsupervised Human Pose Estimation through Transforming Shape Templatescited by 26
  9. 2021Self-Supervised Keypoint Discovery in Behavioral Videoscited by 23
  10. 2022HUM3DIL: Semi-supervised Multi-modal 3D Human Pose Estimation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 22
  11. 2020HPERL: 3D Human Pose Estimation from RGB and LiDARcited by 18
  12. 2020UKPGAN: A General Self-Supervised Keypoint Detectorcited by 15
  13. 2022Learning to Estimate 3D Human Pose from Point Cloudcited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

9 papers.