LIMIT: Language Identification, Misidentification, and Translation using Hierarchical Models in 350+ Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
Knowing the language of an input text/audio is a necessary first step for using almost every NLP tool such as taggers, parsers, or translation systems. Language identification is a well-studied problem, sometimes even considered solved; in reality, due to lack of data and computational challenges, current systems cannot accurately identify most of the world's 7000 languages. To tackle this bottleneck, we first compile a corpus, MCS-350, of 50K multilingual and parallel children's stories in 350+ languages. MCS-350 can serve as a benchmark for language identification of short texts and for 1400+ new translation directions in low-resource Indian and African languages. Second, we propose a novel misprediction-resolution hierarchical model, LIMIt, for language identification that reduces error by 55% (from 0.71 to 0.32) on our compiled children's stories dataset and by 40% (from 0.23 to 0.14) on the FLORES-200 benchmark. Our method can expand language identification coverage into low-resource languages by relying solely on systemic misprediction patterns, bypassing the need to retrain large models from scratch.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2023.
Builds on
37 of 96 references.
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25 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2026OpenLID-v3: Improving the Precision of Closely Related Language Identification -- An Experience Reportcited by 4
- 2024Script-Agnostic Language Identificationcited by 0
- 2025Developing a Mixed-Methods Pipeline for Community-Oriented Digitization of Kwak'wala Legacy Textscited by 0
- 2025ILID: Native Script Language Identification for Indian Languagescited by 0
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africacited by 0
- 2026How Should We Model the Probability of a Language?cited by 0
- 2026OpenLID-v3: Improving the Precision of Closely Related Language Identification -- An Experience Report13 Feb 2026
- 2026How Should We Model the Probability of a Language?9 Feb 2026
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africa19 Jan 2026
- 2025ILID: Native Script Language Identification for Indian Languages16 Jul 2025
- 2025Developing a Mixed-Methods Pipeline for Community-Oriented Digitization of Kwak'wala Legacy Texts2 Jun 2025
- 2024Script-Agnostic Language Identification25 Jun 2024