SWAN: A Generic Framework for Auditing Textual Conversational Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a simple and generic framework for auditing a given textual conversational system, given some samples of its conversation sessions as its input. The framework computes a SWAN (Schematised Weighted Average Nugget) score based on nugget sequences extracted from the conversation sessions. Following the approaches of S-measure and U-measure, SWAN utilises nugget positions within the conversations to weight the nuggets based on a user model. We also present a schema of twenty (+1) criteria that may be worth incorporating in the SWAN framework. In our future work, we plan to devise conversation sampling methods that are suitable for the various criteria, construct seed user turns for comparing multiple systems, and validate specific instances of SWAN for the purpose of preventing negative impacts of conversational systems on users and society. This paper was written while preparing for the ICTIR 2023 keynote (to be given on July 23, 2023).
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 May 2023.
Builds on
12 of 46 references.
References · 12
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025GINGER: Grounded Information Nugget-Based Generation of Responsescited by 16
- 2023Evaluating Generative Ad Hoc Information Retrievalcited by 11
- 2023Open-Domain Dialogue Quality Evaluation: Deriving Nugget-level Scores from Turn-level Scorescited by 1
- 2025Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352 -- Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE): Manifestocited by 0
- 2025Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 24352 -- Conversational Agents: A Framework for Evaluation (CAFE): Manifesto8 Jun 2025
- 2025GINGER: Grounded Information Nugget-Based Generation of Responses23 Mar 2025
- 2023Evaluating Generative Ad Hoc Information Retrieval8 Nov 2023
- 2023Open-Domain Dialogue Quality Evaluation: Deriving Nugget-level Scores from Turn-level Scores30 Sep 2023