mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ChatGPT: Applications, Opportunities, and Threats

arXiv 2304.09103 ↗First posted 14 Apr 2023cs.CY cs.CLcited by 28

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Abstract (arXiv)

Developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT (Conditional Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is an artificial intelligence technology that is fine-tuned using supervised machine learning and reinforcement learning techniques, allowing a computer to generate natural language conversation fully autonomously. ChatGPT is built on the transformer architecture and trained on millions of conversations from various sources. The system combines the power of pre-trained deep learning models with a programmability layer to provide a strong base for generating natural language conversations. In this study, after reviewing the existing literature, we examine the applications, opportunities, and threats of ChatGPT in 10 main domains, providing detailed examples for the business and industry as well as education. We also conducted an experimental study, checking the effectiveness and comparing the performances of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and found that the latter performs significantly better. Despite its exceptional ability to generate natural-sounding responses, the authors believe that ChatGPT does not possess the same level of understanding, empathy, and creativity as a human and cannot fully replace them in most situations.

Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 2 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2023.

Builds on

2 of 27 references.

References · 2

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 2.

28 papers.

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  1. 2024ALERT: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Assessing Large Language Models' Safety through Red Teamingcited by 96
  2. 2024A Complete Survey on LLM-based AI Chatbotscited by 71
  3. 2023Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnetcited by 35
  4. 2023ByteSized32: A Corpus and Challenge Task for Generating Task-Specific World Models Expressed as Text Gamescited by 22
  5. 2025PIKE-RAG: sPecIalized KnowledgE and Rationale Augmented Generationcited by 18
  6. 2025Large Language Model Based Multi-Agent System Augmented Complex Event Processing Pipeline for Internet of Multimedia Thingscited by 8
  7. 2025AgroLLM: Connecting Farmers and Agricultural Practices through Large Language Models for Enhanced Knowledge Transfer and Practical Applicationcited by 8
  8. 2024Surprising gender biases in GPTcited by 7
  9. 2024Urban Safety Perception Assessments via Integrating Multimodal Large Language Models with Street View Imagescited by 7
  10. 2025EfficientNav: Towards On-Device Object-Goal Navigation with Navigation Map Caching and Retrievalcited by 5
  11. 2023How User Language Affects Conflict Fatality Estimates in ChatGPTcited by 4
  12. 2023AutoPCF: Efficient Product Carbon Footprint Accounting with Large Language Modelscited by 2
16 more
  1. 2024Behind the Screen: Investigating ChatGPT's Dark Personality Traits and Conspiracy Beliefscited by 2
  2. 2024Is GPT-4 Less Politically Biased than GPT-3.5? A Renewed Investigation of ChatGPT's Political Biasescited by 2
  3. 2025Securing Educational LLMs: A Generalised Taxonomy of Attacks on LLMs and DREAD Risk Assessmentcited by 2
  4. 2023HouYi: An open-source large language model specially designed for renewable energy and carbon neutrality fieldcited by 1
  5. 2025Experiences with Content Development and Assessment Design in the Era of GenAIcited by 1
  6. 2025Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek Across Key NLP Tasks: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Domain-Specific Performancecited by 1
  7. 2025Learning from Preferences and Mixed Demonstrations in General Settingscited by 1
  8. 2026Rethinking Automated Program Repair: The Impact of Bug Complexity, Fault Localization, and LLM Cost-efficiencycited by 1
  9. 2023Critical Role of Artificially Intelligent Conversational Chatbotcited by 0
  10. 2024Evaluation Methodology for Large Language Models for Multilingual Document Question and Answercited by 0
  11. 2024From RAG to QA-RAG: Integrating Generative AI for Pharmaceutical Regulatory Compliance Processcited by 0
  12. 2024Compensate Quantization Errors+: Quantized Models Are Inquisitive Learnerscited by 0
  13. 2024Research on Predicting Public Opinion Event Heat Levels Based on Large Language Modelscited by 0
  14. 2025Measuring Human Involvement in AI-Generated Text: A Case Study on Academic Writingcited by 0
  15. 2025Virtual Fashion Photo-Shoots: Building a Large-Scale Garment-Lookbook Datasetcited by 0
  16. 2026Poisson Hyperplane Processes with Rectified Linear Unitscited by 0