MMANet: Margin-aware Distillation and Modality-aware Regularization for Incomplete Multimodal Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal learning has shown great potentials in numerous scenes and attracts increasing interest recently. However, it often encounters the problem of missing modality data and thus suffers severe performance degradation in practice. To this end, we propose a general framework called MMANet to assist incomplete multimodal learning. It consists of three components: the deployment network used for inference, the teacher network transferring comprehensive multimodal information to the deployment network, and the regularization network guiding the deployment network to balance weak modality combinations. Specifically, we propose a novel margin-aware distillation (MAD) to assist the information transfer by weighing the sample contribution with the classification uncertainty. This encourages the deployment network to focus on the samples near decision boundaries and acquire the refined inter-class margin. Besides, we design a modality-aware regularization (MAR) algorithm to mine the weak modality combinations and guide the regularization network to calculate prediction loss for them. This forces the deployment network to improve its representation ability for the weak modality combinations adaptively. Finally, extensive experiments on multimodal classification and segmentation tasks demonstrate that our MMANet outperforms the state-of-the-art significantly. Code is available at: https://github.com/shicaiwei123/MMANet
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2023.
Builds on
32 of 54 references.
References · 32
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
- 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
- 2014FitNets: Hints for Thin Deep Netscited by 1,619
- 2016Paying More Attention to Attention: Improving the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks via Attention Transfercited by 1,059
- 2018Co-teaching: Robust Training of Deep Neural Networks with Extremely Noisy Labelscited by 1,053
- 2017Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 1,004
- 2017A Closer Look at Memorization in Deep Networkscited by 936
- 2019Similarity-Preserving Knowledge Distillationcited by 507
- 2018Learning Deep Representations with Probabilistic Knowledge Transfercited by 209
- 2019ACNet: Attention Based Network to Exploit Complementary Features for RGBD Semantic Segmentationcited by 105
- 2016HeMIS: Hetero-Modal Image Segmentationcited by 102
- 2022mmFormer: Multimodal Medical Transformer for Incomplete Multimodal Learning of Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 94
20 more
- 2018Modality Distillation with Multiple Stream Networks for Action Recognitioncited by 83
- 2020Efficient RGB-D Semantic Segmentation for Indoor Scene Analysiscited by 83
- 2020Cross-modality Person re-identification with Shared-Specific Feature Transfercited by 80
- 2021ShapeConv: Shape-aware Convolutional Layer for Indoor RGB-D Semantic Segmentationcited by 75
- 2020RGB-D Salient Object Detection: A Surveycited by 73
- 2019Hetero-Modal Variational Encoder-Decoder for Joint Modality Completion and Segmentationcited by 68
- 2021Knowledge distillation from multi-modal to mono-modal segmentation networkscited by 68
- 2020Robust Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation via Feature Disentanglement and Gated Fusioncited by 67
- 2020CASIA-SURF CeFA: A Benchmark for Multi-modal Cross-ethnicity Face Anti-spoofingcited by 66
- 2020Does my multimodal model learn cross-modal interactions? It's harder to tell than you might think!cited by 61
- 2018D3D: Distilled 3D Networks for Video Action Recognitioncited by 60
- 2021Deep RGB-D Saliency Detection with Depth-Sensitive Attention and Automatic Multi-Modal Fusioncited by 56
- 2018A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-scale Multi-modal Face Anti-spoofingcited by 51
- 2021Multimodal Remote Sensing Benchmark Datasets for Land Cover Classification with A Shared and Specific Feature Learning Modelcited by 43
- 2021ACN: Adversarial Co-training Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalitiescited by 43
- 2018Learning with privileged information via adversarial discriminative modality distillationcited by 30
- 2019Privacy Enhanced Multimodal Neural Representations for Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
- 2021SFANet: A Spectrum-aware Feature Augmentation Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identificationcited by 20
- 2020Brain tumor segmentation with missing modalities via latent multi-source correlation representationcited by 19
- 2019Integrating cross-modality hallucinated MRI with CT to aid mediastinal lung tumor segmentationcited by 14
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 10; 2025: 13; 2026: 15.
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- 2024Learning Modality-agnostic Representation for Semantic Segmentation from Any Modalitiescited by 29
- 2024Centering the Value of Every Modality: Towards Efficient and Resilient Modality-agnostic Semantic Segmentationcited by 21
- 2024Robust Multimodal Learning via Representation Decouplingcited by 17
- 2025Improving Multimodal Learning via Imbalanced Learningcited by 16
- 2025Boosting Multimodal Learning via Disentangled Gradient Learningcited by 15
- 2023RedCore: Relative Advantage Aware Cross-modal Representation Learning for Missing Modalities with Imbalanced Missing Ratescited by 14
- 2024MAGIC++: Efficient and Resilient Modality-Agnostic Semantic Segmentation via Hierarchical Modality Selectioncited by 12
- 2024MMP: Towards Robust Multi-Modal Learning with Masked Modality Projectioncited by 10
- 2024Learning Robust Anymodal Segmentor with Unimodal and Cross-modal Distillationcited by 10
- 2025Reducing Unimodal Bias in Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation with Multi-Scale Functional Entropy Regularizationcited by 9
- 2025MCMoE: Completing Missing Modalities with Mixture of Experts for Incomplete Multimodal Action Quality Assessmentcited by 7
- 2026Unbiased Dynamic Multimodal Fusioncited by 7
28 more
- 2023One-stage Modality Distillation for Incomplete Multimodal Learningcited by 4
- 2024Dealing with All-stage Missing Modality: Towards A Universal Model with Robust Reconstruction and Personalizationcited by 4
- 2025OmniSegmentor: A Flexible Multi-Modal Learning Framework for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
- 2024Towards Multimodal Video Paragraph Captioning Models Robust to Missing Modalitycited by 3
- 2024CoLA: Conditional Dropout and Language-driven Robust Dual-modal Salient Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2026Inference-Time Dynamic Modality Selection for Incomplete Multimodal Classificationcited by 3
- 2024Anatomical Consistency Distillation and Inconsistency Synthesis for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalitiescited by 2
- 2025Robust Multimodal Learning via Cross-Modal Proxy Tokenscited by 2
- 2025Towards Robust Optical-SAR Object Detection under Missing Modalities: A Dynamic Quality-Aware Fusion Frameworkcited by 2
- 2025Hyper-modal Imputation Diffusion Embedding with Dual-Distillation for Federated Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 1
- 2025MGML: A Plug-and-Play Meta-Guided Multi-Modal Learning Framework for Incomplete Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026REMIND: Rethinking Medical High-Modality Learning under Missingness--A Long-Tailed Distribution Perspectivecited by 1
- 2026PDMP: Rethinking Balanced Multimodal Learning via Performance-Dominant Modality Prioritizationcited by 1
- 2026Robust Multispectral Semantic Segmentation under Missing or Full Modalities via Structured Latent Projectioncited by 1
- 2025Multimodal Knowledge Distillation for Egocentric Action Recognition Robust to Missing Modalitiescited by 0
- 2025From Swath to Full-Disc: Advancing Precipitation Retrieval with Multimodal Knowledge Expansioncited by 0
- 2025DMAF-Net: An Effective Modality Rebalancing Framework for Incomplete Multi-Modal Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Federated Dialogue-Semantic Diffusion for Emotion Recognition under Incomplete Modalitiescited by 0
- 2026STARS: Shared-specific Translation and Alignment for missing-modality Remote Sensing Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Plug, Play, and Fortify: A Low-Cost Module for Robust Multimodal Image Understanding Modelscited by 0
- 2026Efficient RGB-D Scene Understanding via Multi-task Adaptive Learning and Cross-dimensional Feature Guidancecited by 0
- 2026Uni-Encoder Meets Multi-Encoders: Representation Before Fusion for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalitiescited by 0
- 2026Latent Space Guided Scenario Sampling for Multimodal Segmentation Under Missing Modalitiescited by 0
- 2026Multimodal Graph Negative Learningcited by 0
- 2026Residual-Guided Expert Specialization for Incomplete Multimodal Learningcited by 0
- 2026General Incomplete Multimodal Learning via Dynamic Quality Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026Should Missing Modalities Always Be Necessary to Repair for Multi-modal Sentiment Analysis?cited by 0
- 2026Mitigating Strong-Modality Collapse in Multimodal Learning via Inverted Asymmetric Fusioncited by 0
- 2026Mitigating Strong-Modality Collapse in Multimodal Learning via Inverted Asymmetric Fusion27 Aug 2026
- 2026Should Missing Modalities Always Be Necessary to Repair for Multi-modal Sentiment Analysis?19 Jul 2026
- 2026General Incomplete Multimodal Learning via Dynamic Quality Perception8 Jul 2026
- 2026Residual-Guided Expert Specialization for Incomplete Multimodal Learning29 Jun 2026
- 2026Multimodal Graph Negative Learning11 Jun 2026
- 2026Latent Space Guided Scenario Sampling for Multimodal Segmentation Under Missing Modalities19 May 2026
- 2026Uni-Encoder Meets Multi-Encoders: Representation Before Fusion for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities24 Apr 2026
- 2026Robust Multispectral Semantic Segmentation under Missing or Full Modalities via Structured Latent Projection17 Apr 2026
- 2026PDMP: Rethinking Balanced Multimodal Learning via Performance-Dominant Modality Prioritization7 Apr 2026
- 2026Unbiased Dynamic Multimodal Fusion20 Mar 2026
- 2026Efficient RGB-D Scene Understanding via Multi-task Adaptive Learning and Cross-dimensional Feature Guidance8 Mar 2026
- 2026Plug, Play, and Fortify: A Low-Cost Module for Robust Multimodal Image Understanding Models26 Feb 2026
28 more
- 2026REMIND: Rethinking Medical High-Modality Learning under Missingness--A Long-Tailed Distribution Perspective9 Feb 2026
- 2026Inference-Time Dynamic Modality Selection for Incomplete Multimodal Classification30 Jan 2026
- 2026STARS: Shared-specific Translation and Alignment for missing-modality Remote Sensing Semantic Segmentation24 Jan 2026
- 2025MGML: A Plug-and-Play Meta-Guided Multi-Modal Learning Framework for Incomplete Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation30 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Robust Optical-SAR Object Detection under Missing Modalities: A Dynamic Quality-Aware Fusion Framework27 Dec 2025
- 2025MCMoE: Completing Missing Modalities with Mixture of Experts for Incomplete Multimodal Action Quality Assessment21 Nov 2025
- 2025Federated Dialogue-Semantic Diffusion for Emotion Recognition under Incomplete Modalities1 Nov 2025
- 2025OmniSegmentor: A Flexible Multi-Modal Learning Framework for Semantic Segmentation18 Sep 2025
- 2025Boosting Multimodal Learning via Disentangled Gradient Learning14 Jul 2025
- 2025Improving Multimodal Learning via Imbalanced Learning14 Jul 2025
- 2025Hyper-modal Imputation Diffusion Embedding with Dual-Distillation for Federated Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completion27 Jun 2025
- 2025DMAF-Net: An Effective Modality Rebalancing Framework for Incomplete Multi-Modal Medical Image Segmentation13 Jun 2025
- 2025From Swath to Full-Disc: Advancing Precipitation Retrieval with Multimodal Knowledge Expansion8 Jun 2025
- 2025Reducing Unimodal Bias in Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation with Multi-Scale Functional Entropy Regularization10 May 2025
- 2025Multimodal Knowledge Distillation for Egocentric Action Recognition Robust to Missing Modalities11 Apr 2025
- 2025Robust Multimodal Learning via Cross-Modal Proxy Tokens29 Jan 2025
- 2024MAGIC++: Efficient and Resilient Modality-Agnostic Semantic Segmentation via Hierarchical Modality Selection22 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning Robust Anymodal Segmentor with Unimodal and Cross-modal Distillation26 Nov 2024
- 2024MMP: Towards Robust Multi-Modal Learning with Masked Modality Projection3 Oct 2024
- 2024Anatomical Consistency Distillation and Inconsistency Synthesis for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities25 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning Modality-agnostic Representation for Semantic Segmentation from Any Modalities16 Jul 2024
- 2024Centering the Value of Every Modality: Towards Efficient and Resilient Modality-agnostic Semantic Segmentation16 Jul 2024
- 2024CoLA: Conditional Dropout and Language-driven Robust Dual-modal Salient Object Detection9 Jul 2024
- 2024Robust Multimodal Learning via Representation Decoupling5 Jul 2024
- 2024Dealing with All-stage Missing Modality: Towards A Universal Model with Robust Reconstruction and Personalization4 Jun 2024
- 2024Towards Multimodal Video Paragraph Captioning Models Robust to Missing Modality28 Mar 2024
- 2023RedCore: Relative Advantage Aware Cross-modal Representation Learning for Missing Modalities with Imbalanced Missing Rates16 Dec 2023
- 2023One-stage Modality Distillation for Incomplete Multimodal Learning15 Sep 2023
- 2024Learning Modality-agnostic Representation for Semantic Segmentation from Any Modalitiescited by 29
- 2024Centering the Value of Every Modality: Towards Efficient and Resilient Modality-agnostic Semantic Segmentationcited by 21
- 2024Robust Multimodal Learning via Representation Decouplingcited by 17
- 2025Improving Multimodal Learning via Imbalanced Learningcited by 16
- 2025Boosting Multimodal Learning via Disentangled Gradient Learningcited by 15
- 2023RedCore: Relative Advantage Aware Cross-modal Representation Learning for Missing Modalities with Imbalanced Missing Ratescited by 14
- 2024MAGIC++: Efficient and Resilient Modality-Agnostic Semantic Segmentation via Hierarchical Modality Selectioncited by 12
- 2024MMP: Towards Robust Multi-Modal Learning with Masked Modality Projectioncited by 10
- 2024Learning Robust Anymodal Segmentor with Unimodal and Cross-modal Distillationcited by 10
- 2025Reducing Unimodal Bias in Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation with Multi-Scale Functional Entropy Regularizationcited by 9
- 2026Unbiased Dynamic Multimodal Fusioncited by 7
- 2023One-stage Modality Distillation for Incomplete Multimodal Learningcited by 4
12 most cited of 38 All 38 (JSON)
- 2026Mitigating Strong-Modality Collapse in Multimodal Learning via Inverted Asymmetric Fusion27 Aug 2026
- 2026Should Missing Modalities Always Be Necessary to Repair for Multi-modal Sentiment Analysis?19 Jul 2026
- 2026General Incomplete Multimodal Learning via Dynamic Quality Perception8 Jul 2026
- 2026Residual-Guided Expert Specialization for Incomplete Multimodal Learning29 Jun 2026
- 2026Multimodal Graph Negative Learning11 Jun 2026
- 2026Latent Space Guided Scenario Sampling for Multimodal Segmentation Under Missing Modalities19 May 2026
- 2026Uni-Encoder Meets Multi-Encoders: Representation Before Fusion for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities24 Apr 2026
- 2026Robust Multispectral Semantic Segmentation under Missing or Full Modalities via Structured Latent Projection17 Apr 2026
- 2026PDMP: Rethinking Balanced Multimodal Learning via Performance-Dominant Modality Prioritization7 Apr 2026
- 2026Unbiased Dynamic Multimodal Fusion20 Mar 2026
- 2026Efficient RGB-D Scene Understanding via Multi-task Adaptive Learning and Cross-dimensional Feature Guidance8 Mar 2026
- 2026Plug, Play, and Fortify: A Low-Cost Module for Robust Multimodal Image Understanding Models26 Feb 2026
12 newest of 38 All 38 (JSON)