mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

German BERT Model for Legal Named Entity Recognition

arXiv 2303.05388 ↗First posted 7 Mar 2023cs.CL cs.LGcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

The use of BERT, one of the most popular language models, has led to improvements in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. One such task is Named Entity Recognition (NER) i.e. automatic identification of named entities such as location, person, organization, etc. from a given text. It is also an important base step for many NLP tasks such as information extraction and argumentation mining. Even though there is much research done on NER using BERT and other popular language models, the same is not explored in detail when it comes to Legal NLP or Legal Tech. Legal NLP applies various NLP techniques such as sentence similarity or NER specifically on legal data. There are only a handful of models for NER tasks using BERT language models, however, none of these are aimed at legal documents in German. In this paper, we fine-tune a popular BERT language model trained on German data (German BERT) on a Legal Entity Recognition (LER) dataset. To make sure our model is not overfitting, we performed a stratified 10-fold cross-validation. The results we achieve by fine-tuning German BERT on the LER dataset outperform the BiLSTM-CRF+ model used by the authors of the same LER dataset. Finally, we make the model openly available via HuggingFace.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2023.

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9 of 36 references.

References · 9

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
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  3. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
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  5. 2015Bidirectional LSTM-CRF Models for Sequence Taggingcited by 546
  6. 2020German's Next Language Modelcited by 144
  7. 2019Portuguese Named Entity Recognition using BERT-CRFcited by 73
  8. 2020A Dataset of German Legal Documents for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 24
  9. 2020Beheshti-NER: Persian Named Entity Recognition Using BERTcited by 10

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.

6 papers.