Taming Contrast Maximization for Learning Sequential, Low-latency, Event-based Optical Flow
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Abstract (arXiv)
Event cameras have recently gained significant traction since they open up new avenues for low-latency and low-power solutions to complex computer vision problems. To unlock these solutions, it is necessary to develop algorithms that can leverage the unique nature of event data. However, the current state-of-the-art is still highly influenced by the frame-based literature, and usually fails to deliver on these promises. In this work, we take this into consideration and propose a novel self-supervised learning pipeline for the sequential estimation of event-based optical flow that allows for the scaling of the models to high inference frequencies. At its core, we have a continuously-running stateful neural model that is trained using a novel formulation of contrast maximization that makes it robust to nonlinearities and varying statistics in the input events. Results across multiple datasets confirm the effectiveness of our method, which establishes a new state of the art in terms of accuracy for approaches trained or optimized without ground truth.
Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Mar 2023.
Builds on
32 of 48 references.
References · 32
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
- 2015FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networkscited by 1,054
- 2019Event-based Vision: A Surveycited by 1,010
- 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 966
- 2018Unsupervised Event-based Learning of Optical Flow, Depth, and Egomotioncited by 304
- 2021DSEC: A Stereo Event Camera Dataset for Driving Scenarioscited by 297
- 2018The Multi Vehicle Stereo Event Camera Dataset: An Event Camera Dataset for 3D Perceptioncited by 251
- 2018EV-FlowNet: Self-Supervised Optical Flow Estimation for Event-based Camerascited by 223
- 2016The Event-Camera Dataset and Simulator: Event-based Data for Pose Estimation, Visual Odometry, and SLAMcited by 203
20 more
- 2017UnFlow: Unsupervised Learning of Optical Flow with a Bidirectional Census Losscited by 202
- 2018A Unifying Contrast Maximization Framework for Event Cameras, with Applications to Motion, Depth, and Optical Flow Estimationcited by 178
- 2021E-RAFT: Dense Optical Flow from Event Camerascited by 149
- 2015Delving Deeper into Convolutional Networks for Learning Video Representationscited by 146
- 2018Event-based Moving Object Detection and Trackingcited by 126
- 2020Back to Event Basics: Self-Supervised Learning of Image Reconstruction for Event Cameras via Photometric Constancycited by 125
- 2021Self-Supervised Learning of Event-Based Optical Flow with Spiking Neural Networkscited by 99
- 2022Secrets of Event-Based Optical Flowcited by 92
- 2019Focus Is All You Need: Loss Functions For Event-based Visioncited by 83
- 2022Learning Dense and Continuous Optical Flow from an Event Cameracited by 59
- 2021Spatio-Temporal Recurrent Networks for Event-Based Optical Flow Estimationcited by 50
- 2018Unsupervised Learning of a Hierarchical Spiking Neural Network for Optical Flow Estimation: From Events to Global Motion Perceptioncited by 48
- 2022Event Collapse in Contrast Maximization Frameworkscited by 33
- 2023Optical flow estimation from event-based cameras and spiking neural networkscited by 33
- 2022Lightweight Event-based Optical Flow Estimation via Iterative Deblurringcited by 31
- 2020Distance Surface for Event-Based Optical Flowcited by 29
- 2021Real-Time Optical Flow for Vehicular Perception with Low- and High-Resolution Event Camerascited by 27
- 2018Real-time high speed motion prediction using fast aperture-robust event-driven visual flowcited by 24
- 2022A Fast Geometric Regularizer to Mitigate Event Collapse in the Contrast Maximization Frameworkcited by 16
- 2020How Do Neural Networks Estimate Optical Flow? A Neuropsychology-Inspired Studycited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 11; 2025: 14; 2026: 9.
39 papers.
Sort:
- 2024Recent Event Camera Innovations: A Surveycited by 67
- 2023Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flightcited by 30
- 2024Motion-prior Contrast Maximization for Dense Continuous-Time Motion Estimationcited by 24
- 2024Event-based Stereo Depth Estimation: A Surveycited by 19
- 2023Enhancing Traffic Object Detection in Variable Illumination with RGB-Event Fusioncited by 16
- 2023Towards Anytime Optical Flow Estimation with Event Camerascited by 15
- 2023Event-based Continuous Color Video Decompression from Single Framescited by 14
- 2024Temporal Event Stereo via Joint Learning with Stereoscopic Flowcited by 12
- 2025Unsupervised Joint Learning of Optical Flow and Intensity with Event Camerascited by 10
- 2024Event-based Optical Flow on Neuromorphic Processor: ANN vs. SNN Comparison based on Activation Sparsificationcited by 7
- 2025Beyond conventional vision: RGB-event fusion for robust object detection in dynamic traffic scenarioscited by 6
- 2023Unsupervised Optical Flow Estimation with Dynamic Timing Representation for Spike Cameracited by 5
27 more
- 2024Learning Normal Flow Directly From Event Neighborhoodscited by 5
- 2025Simultaneous Motion And Noise Estimation with Event Camerascited by 5
- 2025EDCFlow: Exploring Temporally Dense Difference Maps for Event-based Optical Flow Estimationcited by 5
- 2024Vector-Symbolic Architecture for Event-Based Optical Flowcited by 4
- 2025Learning Efficient Meshflow and Optical Flow from Event Camerascited by 4
- 2024On-Device Self-Supervised Learning of Low-Latency Monocular Depth from Only Eventscited by 3
- 2024ResFlow: Fine-tuning Residual Optical Flow for Event-based High Temporal Resolution Motion Estimationcited by 3
- 2024Event-based Photometric Bundle Adjustmentcited by 3
- 2025Spatially-guided Temporal Aggregation for Robust Event-RGB Optical Flow Estimationcited by 3
- 2025Fast Feature Field (F3): A Predictive Representation of Eventscited by 3
- 2025Iterative Event-based Motion Segmentation by Variational Contrast Maximizationcited by 2
- 2025E-MoFlow: Learning Egomotion and Optical Flow from Event Data via Implicit Regularizationcited by 2
- 2024SDformerFlow: Spatiotemporal swin spikeformer for event-based optical flow estimationcited by 1
- 2025BAT: Learning Event-based Optical Flow with Bidirectional Adaptive Temporal Correlationcited by 1
- 2025A Real-Time Event-Based Normal Flow Estimatorcited by 1
- 2026TETO: Tracking Events with Teacher Observation for Motion Estimation and Frame Interpolationcited by 1
- 2026From Contrast to Consistency: Rethinking Event-based Continuous-Time Optical Flow Estimationcited by 1
- 2025Nonlinear Motion-Guided and Spatio-Temporal Aware Network for Unsupervised Event-Based Optical Flowcited by 0
- 2025Spatio-Temporal State Space Model For Efficient Event-Based Optical Flowcited by 0
- 2025Realizing Fully-Integrated, Low-Power, Event-Based Pupil Tracking with Neuromorphic Hardwarecited by 0
- 2026Event-based Visual Deformation Measurementcited by 0
- 2026Aquatic Neuromorphic Optical Flowcited by 0
- 2026FPGA-Based Hardware Architecture for Contrast Maximization in Event-Based Visioncited by 0
- 2026LC-Flow: Learning Local Continuous Optical Flow and Confidence from eventscited by 0
- 2026Static in Frames, Dynamic in Events: Rethinking Features in Event Cameras as Motion Cuescited by 0
- 2026Event-Frame Fusion for Inter-Frame Segmentation via Event-Guided Motioncited by 0
- 2026E-WAVE: Event-based Continuous Optical Flow via Warping-Aligned Visual Encodingcited by 0
- 2026E-WAVE: Event-based Continuous Optical Flow via Warping-Aligned Visual Encoding28 Sep 2026
- 2026Event-Frame Fusion for Inter-Frame Segmentation via Event-Guided Motion18 Sep 2026
- 2026Static in Frames, Dynamic in Events: Rethinking Features in Event Cameras as Motion Cues11 Aug 2026
- 2026From Contrast to Consistency: Rethinking Event-based Continuous-Time Optical Flow Estimation25 May 2026
- 2026LC-Flow: Learning Local Continuous Optical Flow and Confidence from events23 May 2026
- 2026FPGA-Based Hardware Architecture for Contrast Maximization in Event-Based Vision10 May 2026
- 2026Aquatic Neuromorphic Optical Flow8 May 2026
- 2026TETO: Tracking Events with Teacher Observation for Motion Estimation and Frame Interpolation24 Mar 2026
- 2026Event-based Visual Deformation Measurement16 Feb 2026
- 2025Realizing Fully-Integrated, Low-Power, Event-Based Pupil Tracking with Neuromorphic Hardware25 Nov 2025
- 2025E-MoFlow: Learning Egomotion and Optical Flow from Event Data via Implicit Regularization14 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning Efficient Meshflow and Optical Flow from Event Cameras5 Oct 2025
27 more
- 2025Fast Feature Field (F3): A Predictive Representation of Events29 Sep 2025
- 2025Beyond conventional vision: RGB-event fusion for robust object detection in dynamic traffic scenarios14 Aug 2025
- 2025Spatio-Temporal State Space Model For Efficient Event-Based Optical Flow9 Jun 2025
- 2025EDCFlow: Exploring Temporally Dense Difference Maps for Event-based Optical Flow Estimation4 Jun 2025
- 2025Nonlinear Motion-Guided and Spatio-Temporal Aware Network for Unsupervised Event-Based Optical Flow8 May 2025
- 2025A Real-Time Event-Based Normal Flow Estimator28 Apr 2025
- 2025Iterative Event-based Motion Segmentation by Variational Contrast Maximization25 Apr 2025
- 2025Simultaneous Motion And Noise Estimation with Event Cameras5 Apr 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Joint Learning of Optical Flow and Intensity with Event Cameras21 Mar 2025
- 2025BAT: Learning Event-based Optical Flow with Bidirectional Adaptive Temporal Correlation5 Mar 2025
- 2025Spatially-guided Temporal Aggregation for Robust Event-RGB Optical Flow Estimation1 Jan 2025
- 2024Event-based Photometric Bundle Adjustment18 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning Normal Flow Directly From Event Neighborhoods15 Dec 2024
- 2024ResFlow: Fine-tuning Residual Optical Flow for Event-based High Temporal Resolution Motion Estimation12 Dec 2024
- 2024On-Device Self-Supervised Learning of Low-Latency Monocular Depth from Only Events9 Dec 2024
- 2024Event-based Stereo Depth Estimation: A Survey26 Sep 2024
- 2024SDformerFlow: Spatiotemporal swin spikeformer for event-based optical flow estimation6 Sep 2024
- 2024Recent Event Camera Innovations: A Survey24 Aug 2024
- 2024Event-based Optical Flow on Neuromorphic Processor: ANN vs. SNN Comparison based on Activation Sparsification29 Jul 2024
- 2024Temporal Event Stereo via Joint Learning with Stereoscopic Flow15 Jul 2024
- 2024Motion-prior Contrast Maximization for Dense Continuous-Time Motion Estimation15 Jul 2024
- 2024Vector-Symbolic Architecture for Event-Based Optical Flow14 May 2024
- 2023Event-based Continuous Color Video Decompression from Single Frames30 Nov 2023
- 2023Enhancing Traffic Object Detection in Variable Illumination with RGB-Event Fusion1 Nov 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Optical Flow Estimation with Dynamic Timing Representation for Spike Camera12 Jul 2023
- 2023Towards Anytime Optical Flow Estimation with Event Cameras11 Jul 2023
- 2023Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flight15 Mar 2023
- 2024Recent Event Camera Innovations: A Surveycited by 67
- 2023Fully neuromorphic vision and control for autonomous drone flightcited by 30
- 2024Motion-prior Contrast Maximization for Dense Continuous-Time Motion Estimationcited by 24
- 2024Event-based Stereo Depth Estimation: A Surveycited by 19
- 2023Enhancing Traffic Object Detection in Variable Illumination with RGB-Event Fusioncited by 16
- 2023Towards Anytime Optical Flow Estimation with Event Camerascited by 15
- 2023Event-based Continuous Color Video Decompression from Single Framescited by 14
- 2024Temporal Event Stereo via Joint Learning with Stereoscopic Flowcited by 12
- 2025Unsupervised Joint Learning of Optical Flow and Intensity with Event Camerascited by 10
- 2024Event-based Optical Flow on Neuromorphic Processor: ANN vs. SNN Comparison based on Activation Sparsificationcited by 7
- 2025Beyond conventional vision: RGB-event fusion for robust object detection in dynamic traffic scenarioscited by 6
- 2023Unsupervised Optical Flow Estimation with Dynamic Timing Representation for Spike Cameracited by 5
12 most cited of 39 All 39 (JSON)
- 2026E-WAVE: Event-based Continuous Optical Flow via Warping-Aligned Visual Encoding28 Sep 2026
- 2026Event-Frame Fusion for Inter-Frame Segmentation via Event-Guided Motion18 Sep 2026
- 2026Static in Frames, Dynamic in Events: Rethinking Features in Event Cameras as Motion Cues11 Aug 2026
- 2026From Contrast to Consistency: Rethinking Event-based Continuous-Time Optical Flow Estimation25 May 2026
- 2026LC-Flow: Learning Local Continuous Optical Flow and Confidence from events23 May 2026
- 2026FPGA-Based Hardware Architecture for Contrast Maximization in Event-Based Vision10 May 2026
- 2026Aquatic Neuromorphic Optical Flow8 May 2026
- 2026TETO: Tracking Events with Teacher Observation for Motion Estimation and Frame Interpolation24 Mar 2026
- 2026Event-based Visual Deformation Measurement16 Feb 2026
- 2025Realizing Fully-Integrated, Low-Power, Event-Based Pupil Tracking with Neuromorphic Hardware25 Nov 2025
- 2025E-MoFlow: Learning Egomotion and Optical Flow from Event Data via Implicit Regularization14 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning Efficient Meshflow and Optical Flow from Event Cameras5 Oct 2025
12 newest of 39 All 39 (JSON)