Fine-grained Emotional Control of Text-To-Speech: Learning To Rank Inter- And Intra-Class Emotion Intensities
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Abstract (arXiv)
State-of-the-art Text-To-Speech (TTS) models are capable of producing high-quality speech. The generated speech, however, is usually neutral in emotional expression, whereas very often one would want fine-grained emotional control of words or phonemes. Although still challenging, the first TTS models have been recently proposed that are able to control voice by manually assigning emotion intensity. Unfortunately, due to the neglect of intra-class distance, the intensity differences are often unrecognizable. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained controllable emotional TTS, that considers both inter- and intra-class distances and be able to synthesize speech with recognizable intensity difference. Our subjective and objective experiments demonstrate that our model exceeds two state-of-the-art controllable TTS models for controllability, emotion expressiveness and naturalness.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2023.
Builds on
15 of 21 references.
References · 15
- 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
- 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 800
- 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 710
- 2019Parallel WaveGAN: A fast waveform generation model based on generative adversarial networks with multi-resolution spectrogramcited by 337
- 2018Style Tokens: Unsupervised Style Modeling, Control and Transfer in End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 257
- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
- 2018The Emotional Voices Database: Towards Controlling the Emotion Dimension in Voice Generation Systemscited by 61
- 2018Robust and fine-grained prosody control of end-to-end speech synthesiscited by 48
- 2017Emotional End-to-End Neural Speech Synthesizercited by 30
- 2020Fine-grained Emotion Strength Transfer, Control and Prediction for Emotional Speech Synthesiscited by 29
- 2022MsEmoTTS: Multi-scale emotion transfer, prediction, and control for emotional speech synthesiscited by 29
- 2021Emotional Prosody Control for Speech Generationcited by 12
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025EmoVoice: LLM-based Emotional Text-To-Speech Model with Freestyle Text Promptingcited by 33
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technologycited by 7
- 2023Learning Emotional Representations from Imbalanced Speech Data for Speech Emotion Recognition and Emotional Text-to-Speechcited by 4
- 2025EmoNews: A Spoken Dialogue System for Expressive News Conversationscited by 1
- 2024GTR-Voice: Articulatory Phonetics Informed Controllable Expressive Speech Synthesiscited by 0
- 2025EmoNews: A Spoken Dialogue System for Expressive News Conversations16 Jun 2025
- 2025EmoVoice: LLM-based Emotional Text-To-Speech Model with Freestyle Text Prompting17 Apr 2025
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology10 Dec 2024
- 2024GTR-Voice: Articulatory Phonetics Informed Controllable Expressive Speech Synthesis15 Jun 2024
- 2023Learning Emotional Representations from Imbalanced Speech Data for Speech Emotion Recognition and Emotional Text-to-Speech9 Jun 2023