mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies and Testbeds

arXiv 2302.14536 ↗First posted 28 Feb 2023eess.SPcited by 75

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Abstract (arXiv)

Fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems have entered the stage of commercial development, providing users with new services and improved user experiences as well as offering a host of novel opportunities to various industries. However, 5G still faces many challenges. To address these challenges, international industrial, academic, and standards organizations have commenced research on sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. A series of white papers and survey papers have been published, which aim to define 6G in terms of requirements, application scenarios, key technologies, etc. Although ITU-R has been working on the 6G vision and it is expected to reach a consensus on what 6G will be by mid-2023, the related global discussions are still wide open and the existing literature has identified numerous open issues. This paper first provides a comprehensive portrayal of the 6G vision, technical requirements, and application scenarios, covering the current common understanding of 6G. Then, a critical appraisal of the 6G network architecture and key technologies is presented. Furthermore, existing testbeds and advanced 6G verification platforms are detailed for the first time. In addition, future research directions and open challenges are identified for stimulating the on-going global debate. Finally, lessons learned to date concerning 6G networks are discussed.

Key facts. Cited by 75 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2023.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 12; 2025: 34; 2026: 22.

75 papers.

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  1. 2023Understanding Telecom Language Through Large Language Modelscited by 32
  2. 2024An I2I Inpainting Approach for Efficient Channel Knowledge Map Constructioncited by 13
  3. 2023Semantic-Forward Relaying: A Novel Framework Towards 6G Cooperative Communicationscited by 9
  4. 2023SemantIC: Semantic Interference Cancellation Towards 6G Wireless Communicationscited by 7
  5. 2023A Survey on Trustworthy Edge Intelligence: From Security and Reliability To Transparency and Sustainabilitycited by 7
  6. 2024Implementation of Big AI Models for Wireless Networks with Collaborative Edge Computingcited by 6
  7. 2024LinFormer: A Linear-based Lightweight Transformer Architecture For Time-Aware MIMO Channel Predictioncited by 6
  8. 2024GDM4MMIMO: Generative Diffusion Models for Massive MIMO Communicationscited by 6
  9. 2025CKMDiff: A Generative Diffusion Model for CKM Construction via Inverse Problems with Learned Priorscited by 6
  10. 2026Agentic AI Empowered Intent-Based Networking for 6Gcited by 6
  11. 2025Task-Oriented Semantic Communication in Large Multimodal Models-based Vehicle Networkscited by 5
  12. 2024Modulation and Coding for NOMA and RSMAcited by 4
38 more
  1. 2025Symbiotic Agents: A Novel Paradigm for Trustworthy AGI-driven Networkscited by 4
  2. 2025LLM Enabled Multi-Agent System for 6G Networks: Framework and Method of Dual-Loop Edge-Terminal Collaborationcited by 3
  3. 2025Adaptive End-to-End Transceiver Design for NextG Pilot-Free and CP-Free Wireless Systemscited by 3
  4. 2025Environment-Aware Channel Inference via Cross-Modal Flow: From Multimodal Sensing to Wireless Channelscited by 3
  5. 2023Deep Polar Codescited by 2
  6. 2023How Does Forecasting Affect the Convergence of DRL Techniques in O-RAN Slicing?cited by 2
  7. 2024Building Semantic Communication System via Molecules: An End-to-End Training Approachcited by 2
  8. 2024Decentralized Semantic Traffic Control in AVs Using RL and DQN for Dynamic Roadblockscited by 2
  9. 2024Explainable AI for Enhancing Efficiency of DL-based Channel Estimationcited by 2
  10. 2025Robust Channel Estimation for Optical Wireless Communications Using Neural Networkcited by 2
  11. 2025Channel Estimation for RIS-Assisted mmWave Systems via Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  12. 2025Great X: A Unified Multi-Modal Simulator Bridging the Sim2Real Gap for 6Gcited by 2
  13. 2025Joint Memory Frequency and Computing Frequency Scaling for Energy-efficient DNN Inferencecited by 2
  14. 2025Advancing LLM-Based Security Automation with Customized Group Relative Policy Optimization for Zero-Touch Networkscited by 2
  15. 2023Wirelessly Powered Federated Learning Networks: Joint Power Transfer, Data Sensing, Model Training, and Resource Allocationcited by 1
  16. 2024CF-CGN: Channel Fingerprints Extrapolation for Multi-band Massive MIMO Transmission based on Cycle-Consistent Generative Networkscited by 1
  17. 2025Data-and-Semantic Dual-Driven Spectrum Map Construction for 6G Spectrum Managementcited by 1
  18. 2025Channel Gain Map Construction based on Subregional Learning and Predictioncited by 1
  19. 2025SafeSlice: Enabling SLA-Compliant O-RAN Slicing via Safe Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  20. 2025Coop-WD: Cooperative Perception with Weighting and Denoising for Robust V2V Communicationcited by 1
  21. 2025Channel Fingerprint Construction for Massive MIMO: A Deep Conditional Generative Approachcited by 1
  22. 2025Power Allocation for Delay Optimization in Device-to-Device Networks: A Graph Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 1
  23. 2025Beamforming and Resource Allocation for Delay Minimization in RIS-Assisted OFDM Systemscited by 1
  24. 2025AI-Native Open RAN for Non-Terrestrial Networks: An Overviewcited by 1
  25. 2025Achieving Robust Channel Estimation Neural Networks by Designed Training Datacited by 1
  26. 2025RIS-Assisted Downlink Pinching-Antenna Systems: GNN-Enabled Optimization Approachescited by 1
  27. 2026Scenario-Adaptive MU-MIMO OFDM Semantic Communication With Asymmetric Neural Networkcited by 1
  28. 20266G Communication Networks Enabling Embodied Agents: Architecture and Prototypecited by 1
  29. 2026AI-Native Closed-Loop Security for 6G-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems: From Edge Detection to Network-Wide Mitigationcited by 1
  30. 2024Resource and Mobility Management in Hybrid LiFi and WiFi Networks: A User-Centric Learning Approachcited by 0
  31. 2024Learning Load Balancing with GNN in MPTCP-Enabled Heterogeneous Networkscited by 0
  32. 2024Large Language Models for Knowledge-Free Network Management: Feasibility Study and Opportunitiescited by 0
  33. 2025End-to-End Human Pose Reconstruction from Wearable Sensors for 6G Extended Reality Systemscited by 0
  34. 2025Uplink Assisted Joint Channel Estimation and CSI Feedback: An Approach Based on Deep Joint Source-Channel Codingcited by 0
  35. 2025Agile Orchestration at Will: An Entire Smart Service-Based Security Architecture Towards 6Gcited by 0
  36. 2025Generative Resource Allocation for 6G O-RAN with Diffusion Policiescited by 0
  37. 2025Reconstruction of SINR Maps from Sparse Measurements using Group Equivariant Non-Expansive Operatorscited by 0
  38. 2025Cross-field SNR Analysis and Tensor Channel Estimation for Multi-UAV Near-field Communicationscited by 0

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