SMAUG: Sparse Masked Autoencoder for Efficient Video-Language Pre-training
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Video-language pre-training is crucial for learning powerful multi-modal representation. However, it typically requires a massive amount of computation. In this paper, we develop SMAUG, an efficient pre-training framework for video-language models. The foundation component in SMAUG is masked autoencoders. Different from prior works which only mask textual inputs, our masking strategy considers both visual and textual modalities, providing a better cross-modal alignment and saving more pre-training costs. On top of that, we introduce a space-time token sparsification module, which leverages context information to further select only "important" spatial regions and temporal frames for pre-training. Coupling all these designs allows our method to enjoy both competitive performances on text-to-video retrieval and video question answering tasks, and much less pre-training costs by 1.9X or more. For example, our SMAUG only needs about 50 NVIDIA A6000 GPU hours for pre-training to attain competitive performances on these two video-language tasks across six popular benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2022.
Builds on
58 of 73 references.
References · 58
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
- 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
- 2015Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Unitscited by 2,898
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,708
- 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,646
- 2021BEiT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformerscited by 2,360
- 2022VideoMAE: Masked Autoencoders are Data-Efficient Learners for Self-Supervised Video Pre-Trainingcited by 1,305
- 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,209
38 more
- 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,175
- 2019HowTo100M: Learning a Text-Video Embedding by Watching Hundred Million Narrated Video Clipscited by 946
- 2021DynamicViT: Efficient Vision Transformers with Dynamic Token Sparsificationcited by 849
- 2017Dense-Captioning Events in Videoscited by 789
- 2017Localizing Moments in Video with Natural Languagecited by 660
- 2021CLIP4Clip: An Empirical Study of CLIP for End to End Video Clip Retrievalcited by 645
- 2017Towards Automatic Learning of Procedures from Web Instructional Videoscited by 616
- 2021VideoCLIP: Contrastive Pre-training for Zero-shot Video-Text Understandingcited by 596
- 2021Masked Feature Prediction for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Trainingcited by 573
- 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 559
- 2021Less is More: ClipBERT for Video-and-Language Learning via Sparse Samplingcited by 484
- 2018A Corpus for Reasoning About Natural Language Grounded in Photographscited by 457
- 2022Masked Autoencoders As Spatiotemporal Learnerscited by 428
- 2019VATEX: A Large-Scale, High-Quality Multilingual Dataset for Video-and-Language Researchcited by 412
- 2020Multi-modal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 395
- 2020HERO: Hierarchical Encoder for Video+Language Omni-representation Pre-trainingcited by 362
- 2022Not All Patches are What You Need: Expediting Vision Transformers via Token Reorganizationscited by 359
- 2021MERLOT: Multimodal Neural Script Knowledge Modelscited by 311
- 2021An Empirical Study of Training End-to-End Vision-and-Language Transformerscited by 271
- 2020ActBERT: Learning Global-Local Video-Text Representationscited by 267
- 2020UniVL: A Unified Video and Language Pre-Training Model for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 258
- 2020Just Ask: Learning to Answer Questions from Millions of Narrated Videoscited by 248
- 2018A Joint Sequence Fusion Model for Video Question Answering and Retrievalcited by 208
- 2021VIOLET : End-to-End Video-Language Transformers with Masked Visual-token Modelingcited by 187
- 2022All in One: Exploring Unified Video-Language Pre-trainingcited by 171
- 2020Support-set bottlenecks for video-text representation learningcited by 170
- 2021BEVT: BERT Pretraining of Video Transformerscited by 169
- 2022Revisiting the "Video" in Video-Language Understandingcited by 167
- 2019Listen to Look: Action Recognition by Previewing Audiocited by 163
- 2020Hierarchical Conditional Relation Networks for Video Question Answeringcited by 163
- 2021Align and Prompt: Video-and-Language Pre-training with Entity Promptscited by 149
- 2019SCSampler: Sampling Salient Clips from Video for Efficient Action Recognitioncited by 133
- 2022Revealing Single Frame Bias for Video-and-Language Learningcited by 131
- 2020AVLnet: Learning Audio-Visual Language Representations from Instructional Videoscited by 110
- 2018Reconstruction Network for Video Captioningcited by 98
- 2020AR-Net: Adaptive Frame Resolution for Efficient Action Recognitioncited by 88
- 2021MDMMT: Multidomain Multimodal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 78
- 2022An Empirical Study of End-to-End Video-Language Transformers with Masked Visual Modelingcited by 74
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 5; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
14 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Large Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data: A Survey and Outlookcited by 109
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Contrastively Pre-training Video-First Encoders Beyond 16 Framescited by 34
- 2023Text-Driven Image Editing via Learnable Regionscited by 31
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Surveycited by 28
- 2023ViLA: Efficient Video-Language Alignment for Video Question Answeringcited by 23
- 2023Hulk: A Universal Knowledge Translator for Human-Centric Taskscited by 22
- 2024Enhancing EEG-to-Text Decoding through Transferable Representations from Pre-trained Contrastive EEG-Text Masked Autoencodercited by 15
- 2024DreamPolisher: Towards High-Quality Text-to-3D Generation via Geometric Diffusioncited by 12
- 2023ChatGPT-Like Large-Scale Foundation Models for Prognostics and Health Management: A Survey and Roadmapscited by 8
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representationcited by 8
- 2023An Empirical Study of Frame Selection for Text-to-Video Retrievalcited by 6
- 2024Olympus: A Universal Task Router for Computer Vision Taskscited by 4
- 2026Cluster-Wise Spatio-Temporal Masking for Efficient Video-Language Pretraining24 Mar 2026
- 2024Olympus: A Universal Task Router for Computer Vision Tasks12 Dec 2024
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representation10 Sep 2024
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Survey13 Aug 2024
- 2024DreamPolisher: Towards High-Quality Text-to-3D Generation via Geometric Diffusion25 Mar 2024
- 2024Enhancing EEG-to-Text Decoding through Transferable Representations from Pre-trained Contrastive EEG-Text Masked Autoencoder27 Feb 2024
- 2023ViLA: Efficient Video-Language Alignment for Video Question Answering13 Dec 2023
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Contrastively Pre-training Video-First Encoders Beyond 16 Frames12 Dec 2023
- 2023Hulk: A Universal Knowledge Translator for Human-Centric Tasks4 Dec 2023
- 2023Synchronizing Vision and Language: Bidirectional Token-Masking AutoEncoder for Referring Image Segmentation29 Nov 2023
- 2023Text-Driven Image Editing via Learnable Regions28 Nov 2023
- 2023An Empirical Study of Frame Selection for Text-to-Video Retrieval1 Nov 2023
- 2024Olympus: A Universal Task Router for Computer Vision Tasks12 Dec 2024
- 2023Large Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data: A Survey and Outlookcited by 109
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Contrastively Pre-training Video-First Encoders Beyond 16 Framescited by 34
- 2023Text-Driven Image Editing via Learnable Regionscited by 31
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Surveycited by 28
- 2023ViLA: Efficient Video-Language Alignment for Video Question Answeringcited by 23
- 2023Hulk: A Universal Knowledge Translator for Human-Centric Taskscited by 22
- 2024Enhancing EEG-to-Text Decoding through Transferable Representations from Pre-trained Contrastive EEG-Text Masked Autoencodercited by 15
- 2024DreamPolisher: Towards High-Quality Text-to-3D Generation via Geometric Diffusioncited by 12
- 2023ChatGPT-Like Large-Scale Foundation Models for Prognostics and Health Management: A Survey and Roadmapscited by 8
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representationcited by 8
- 2023An Empirical Study of Frame Selection for Text-to-Video Retrievalcited by 6
- 2026Cluster-Wise Spatio-Temporal Masking for Efficient Video-Language Pretrainingcited by 2
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Cluster-Wise Spatio-Temporal Masking for Efficient Video-Language Pretraining24 Mar 2026
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representation10 Sep 2024
- 2024Masked Image Modeling: A Survey13 Aug 2024
- 2024DreamPolisher: Towards High-Quality Text-to-3D Generation via Geometric Diffusion25 Mar 2024
- 2024Enhancing EEG-to-Text Decoding through Transferable Representations from Pre-trained Contrastive EEG-Text Masked Autoencoder27 Feb 2024
- 2023ViLA: Efficient Video-Language Alignment for Video Question Answering13 Dec 2023
- 2023A Simple Recipe for Contrastively Pre-training Video-First Encoders Beyond 16 Frames12 Dec 2023
- 2023Hulk: A Universal Knowledge Translator for Human-Centric Tasks4 Dec 2023
- 2023Synchronizing Vision and Language: Bidirectional Token-Masking AutoEncoder for Referring Image Segmentation29 Nov 2023
- 2023Text-Driven Image Editing via Learnable Regions28 Nov 2023
- 2023An Empirical Study of Frame Selection for Text-to-Video Retrieval1 Nov 2023
- 2023Large Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data: A Survey and Outlook16 Oct 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)