Exploring the Efficacy of Pre-trained Checkpoints in Text-to-Music Generation Task
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Abstract (arXiv)
Benefiting from large-scale datasets and pre-trained models, the field of generative models has recently gained significant momentum. However, most datasets for symbolic music are very small, which potentially limits the performance of data-driven multimodal models. An intuitive solution to this problem is to leverage pre-trained models from other modalities (e.g., natural language) to improve the performance of symbolic music-related multimodal tasks. In this paper, we carry out the first study of generating complete and semantically consistent symbolic music scores from text descriptions, and explore the efficacy of using publicly available checkpoints (i.e., BERT, GPT-2, and BART) for natural language processing in the task of text-to-music generation. Our experimental results show that the improvement from using pre-trained checkpoints is statistically significant in terms of BLEU score and edit distance similarity. We analyse the capabilities and limitations of our model to better understand the potential of language-music models.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2022.
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18 of 24 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
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- 2024ChatMusician: Understanding and Generating Music Intrinsically with LLMcited by 67
- 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Textcited by 50
- 2024ComposerX: Multi-Agent Symbolic Music Composition with LLMscited by 40
- 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Surveycited by 34
- 2024MuPT: A Generative Symbolic Music Pretrained Transformercited by 32
- 2024Text2midi: Generating Symbolic Music from Captionscited by 18
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 15
- 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Surveycited by 10
- 2025A Survey on Music Generation from Single-Modal, Cross-Modal, and Multi-Modal Perspectivescited by 4
- 2025LEGATO: Large-scale End-to-end Generalizable Approach to Typeset OMRcited by 3
- 2024MuseBarControl: Enhancing Fine-Grained Control in Symbolic Music Generation through Pre-Training and Counterfactual Losscited by 0
- 2025Conditional Diffusion as Latent Constraints for Controllable Symbolic Music Generationcited by 0
- 2026Diff-Symbo: Text-Controlled Long-Duration Symbolic Music Generation Using Autoregressive Latent Diffusion Model5 Aug 2026
- 2025Conditional Diffusion as Latent Constraints for Controllable Symbolic Music Generation10 Nov 2025
- 2025LEGATO: Large-scale End-to-end Generalizable Approach to Typeset OMR23 Jun 2025
- 2025A Survey on Music Generation from Single-Modal, Cross-Modal, and Multi-Modal Perspectives1 Apr 2025
- 2024Text2midi: Generating Symbolic Music from Captions21 Dec 2024
- 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Survey26 Aug 2024
- 2024MuseBarControl: Enhancing Fine-Grained Control in Symbolic Music Generation through Pre-Training and Counterfactual Loss5 Jul 2024
- 2024ComposerX: Multi-Agent Symbolic Music Composition with LLMs28 Apr 2024
- 2024MuPT: A Generative Symbolic Music Pretrained Transformer9 Apr 2024
- 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Survey27 Feb 2024
- 2024ChatMusician: Understanding and Generating Music Intrinsically with LLM25 Feb 2024
- 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Text31 May 2023
1 more
- 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Surveycited by 34
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 15
- 2025Conditional Diffusion as Latent Constraints for Controllable Symbolic Music Generationcited by 0
- 2026Diff-Symbo: Text-Controlled Long-Duration Symbolic Music Generation Using Autoregressive Latent Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2026Diff-Symbo: Text-Controlled Long-Duration Symbolic Music Generation Using Autoregressive Latent Diffusion Model5 Aug 2026
- 2025Conditional Diffusion as Latent Constraints for Controllable Symbolic Music Generation10 Nov 2025
- 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Survey26 Aug 2024
- 2023ERNIE-Music: Text-to-Waveform Music Generation with Diffusion Models9 Feb 2023
- 2024ComposerX: Multi-Agent Symbolic Music Composition with LLMscited by 40
- 2024ComposerX: Multi-Agent Symbolic Music Composition with LLMs28 Apr 2024
- 2024ChatMusician: Understanding and Generating Music Intrinsically with LLMcited by 67
- 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Textcited by 50
- 2024MuPT: A Generative Symbolic Music Pretrained Transformercited by 32
- 2024Text2midi: Generating Symbolic Music from Captionscited by 18
- 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Surveycited by 10
- 2025A Survey on Music Generation from Single-Modal, Cross-Modal, and Multi-Modal Perspectivescited by 4
- 2025LEGATO: Large-scale End-to-end Generalizable Approach to Typeset OMRcited by 3
- 2024MuseBarControl: Enhancing Fine-Grained Control in Symbolic Music Generation through Pre-Training and Counterfactual Losscited by 0
- 2025LEGATO: Large-scale End-to-end Generalizable Approach to Typeset OMR23 Jun 2025
- 2025A Survey on Music Generation from Single-Modal, Cross-Modal, and Multi-Modal Perspectives1 Apr 2025
- 2024Text2midi: Generating Symbolic Music from Captions21 Dec 2024
- 2024MuseBarControl: Enhancing Fine-Grained Control in Symbolic Music Generation through Pre-Training and Counterfactual Loss5 Jul 2024
- 2024MuPT: A Generative Symbolic Music Pretrained Transformer9 Apr 2024
- 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Survey27 Feb 2024
- 2024ChatMusician: Understanding and Generating Music Intrinsically with LLM25 Feb 2024
- 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Text31 May 2023