mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Real-time high-resolution CO2 geological storage prediction using nested Fourier neural operators

arXiv 2210.17051 ↗First posted 31 Oct 2022cs.LG physics.flu-dyncited by 47

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Abstract (arXiv)

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) plays an essential role in global decarbonization. Scaling up CCS deployment requires accurate and high-resolution modeling of the storage reservoir pressure buildup and the gaseous plume migration. However, such modeling is very challenging at scale due to the high computational costs of existing numerical methods. This challenge leads to significant uncertainties in evaluating storage opportunities, which can delay the pace of large-scale CCS deployment. We introduce Nested Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), a machine-learning framework for high-resolution dynamic 3D CO2 storage modeling at a basin scale. Nested FNO produces forecasts at different refinement levels using a hierarchy of FNOs and speeds up flow prediction nearly 700,000 times compared to existing methods. By learning the solution operator for the family of governing partial differential equations, Nested FNO creates a general-purpose numerical simulator alternative for CO2 storage with diverse reservoir conditions, geological heterogeneity, and injection schemes. Our framework enables unprecedented real-time modeling and probabilistic simulations that can support the scale-up of global CCS deployment.

Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 0 of its 13 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Oct 2022.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 12; 2024: 9; 2025: 18; 2026: 8.

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  1. 2023Geometry-Informed Neural Operator for Large-Scale 3D PDEscited by 303
  2. 2023Neural Operators for Accelerating Scientific Simulations and Designcited by 221
  3. 2024Neural Operators with Localized Integral and Differential Kernelscited by 62
  4. 2024Pretraining Codomain Attention Neural Operators for Solving Multiphysics PDEscited by 59
  5. 2024Calibrated Uncertainty Quantification for Operator Learning via Conformal Predictioncited by 26
  6. 2025Probabilistic neural operators for functional uncertainty quantificationcited by 18
  7. 2025Stochastic Process Learning via Operator Flow Matchingcited by 14
  8. 2025Principled Approaches for Extending Neural Architectures to Function Spaces for Operator Learningcited by 12
  9. 2023Fourier Neural Operator Surrogate Model to Predict 3D Seismic Waves Propagationcited by 11
  10. 2024Uncertainty Quantification of Surrogate Models using Conformal Predictioncited by 11
  11. 2024Efficient and generalizable nested Fourier-DeepONet for three-dimensional geological carbon sequestrationcited by 11
  12. 2023Solving multiphysics-based inverse problems with learned surrogates and constraintscited by 9
35 more
  1. 2023Learned multiphysics inversion with differentiable programming and machine learningcited by 7
  2. 2025PI-MFM: Physics-informed multimodal foundation model for solving partial differential equationscited by 7
  3. 2025Enabling Automatic Differentiation with Mollified Graph Neural Operatorscited by 6
  4. 2025When is a System Discoverable from Data? Discovery Requires Chaoscited by 6
  5. 2023Multi-fidelity Fourier Neural Operator for Fast Modeling of Large-Scale Geological Carbon Storagecited by 5
  6. 2023Learning CO2 plume migration in faulted reservoirs with Graph Neural Networkscited by 3
  7. 2024Accelerated training of deep learning surrogate models for surface displacement and flow, with application to MCMC-based history matching of CO2 storage operationscited by 3
  8. 2025Fourier Neural Operator based surrogates for CO2 storage in realistic geologiescited by 3
  9. 2025A Two-Phase Deep Learning Framework for Adaptive Time-Stepping in High-Speed Flow Modelingcited by 3
  10. 2023Decodable and Sample Invariant Continuous Object Encodercited by 2
  11. 2025NOBLE -- Neural Operator with Biologically-informed Latent Embeddings to Capture Experimental Variability in Biological Neuron Modelscited by 2
  12. 2025An effective physics-informed neural operator framework for predicting wavefieldscited by 2
  13. 2025Locally Adaptive Conformal Inference for Operator Modelscited by 2
  14. 2025Delay compensation of multi-input distinct delay nonlinear systems via neural operatorscited by 2
  15. 2025PDE Solvers Should Be Local: Fast, Stable Rollouts with Learned Local Stencilscited by 2
  16. 2026Function-Space Decoupled Diffusion for Forward and Inverse Modeling in Carbon Capture and Storagecited by 2
  17. 2024STONet: A neural operator for modeling solute transport in micro-cracked reservoirscited by 1
  18. 2025A Benchmark Dataset for Machine Learning Surrogates of Pore-Scale CO2-Water Interactioncited by 1
  19. 2025Multimodal Neural Operators for Real-Time Biomechanical Modelling of Traumatic Brain Injurycited by 1
  20. 2026Adaptive Physics Transformer with Fused Global-Local Attention for Subsurface Energy Systemscited by 1
  21. 2026Debiased neural operators for estimating functionalscited by 1
  22. 2026PosteriorBench: From Point Estimates to Posterior Matching in Evaluating Generative Inverse Solverscited by 1
  23. 2023Progressive reduced order modeling: empowering data-driven modeling with selective knowledge transfercited by 0
  24. 2023Efficient machine-learning surrogates for large-scale geological carbon and energy storagecited by 0
  25. 2023An Operator Learning Framework for Spatiotemporal Super-resolution of Scientific Simulationscited by 0
  26. 2023Attention-enhanced neural differential equations for physics-informed deep learning of ion transportcited by 0
  27. 2024Enabling Clean Energy Resilience with Machine Learning-Empowered Underground Hydrogen Storagecited by 0
  28. 2024Optimization of geological carbon storage operations with multimodal latent dynamic model and deep reinforcement learningcited by 0
  29. 2025Learning multi-phase flow and transport in fractured porous media with auto-regressive and recurrent graph neural networkscited by 0
  30. 2025From Black Hole to Galaxy: Neural Operator: Framework for Accretion and Feedback Dynamicscited by 0
  31. 2025FNOPT: Resolution-Agnostic, Self-Supervised Cloth Simulation using Meta-Optimization with Fourier Neural Operatorscited by 0
  32. 2026Learning Pore-scale Multiphase Flow from 4D Velocimetrycited by 0
  33. 2026Nested Fourier-enhanced neural operator for efficient modeling of radiation transfer in firescited by 0
  34. 2026Spectral-Embedded Operator Learning for Three-Phase Interfacial Flow: A Ternary Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes Benchmarkcited by 0
  35. 2026Beyond Simulation: Retain-and-Repair Neural Operators for Real-World Adaptationcited by 0