Merlin HugeCTR: GPU-accelerated Recommender System Training and Inference
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this talk, we introduce Merlin HugeCTR. Merlin HugeCTR is an open source, GPU-accelerated integration framework for click-through rate estimation. It optimizes both training and inference, whilst enabling model training at scale with model-parallel embeddings and data-parallel neural networks. In particular, Merlin HugeCTR combines a high-performance GPU embedding cache with an hierarchical storage architecture, to realize low-latency retrieval of embeddings for online model inference tasks. In the MLPerf v1.0 DLRM model training benchmark, Merlin HugeCTR achieves a speedup of up to 24.6x on a single DGX A100 (8x A100) over PyTorch on 4x4-socket CPU nodes (4x4x28 cores). Merlin HugeCTR can also take advantage of multi-node environments to accelerate training even further. Since late 2021, Merlin HugeCTR additionally features a hierarchical parameter server (HPS) and supports deployment via the NVIDIA Triton server framework, to leverage the computational capabilities of GPUs for high-speed recommendation model inference. Using this HPS, Merlin HugeCTR users can achieve a 5~62x speedup (batch size dependent) for popular recommendation models over CPU baseline implementations, and dramatically reduce their end-to-end inference latency.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2022.
Builds on
13 of 26 references.
References · 13
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
- 2016Wide & Deep Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 747
- 2017DeepFM: A Factorization-Machine based Neural Network for CTR Predictioncited by 676
- 2017Deep & Cross Network for Ad Click Predictionscited by 393
- 2019Deep Learning Recommendation Model for Personalization and Recommendation Systemscited by 327
- 2016Clipper: A Low-Latency Online Prediction Serving Systemcited by 191
- 2018Demystifying Parallel and Distributed Deep Learning: An In-Depth Concurrency Analysiscited by 156
- 2020Distributed Hierarchical GPU Parameter Server for Massive Scale Deep Learning Ads Systemscited by 60
- 2020DeepRecSys: A System for Optimizing End-To-End At-scale Neural Recommendation Inferencecited by 54
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- 2018Parameter Hub: a Rack-Scale Parameter Server for Distributed Deep Neural Network Trainingcited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
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- 2023Dynamic Sparse Training with Structured Sparsitycited by 38
- 2025RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inferencecited by 13
- 2023Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compressioncited by 12
- 2023CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Modelscited by 7
- 2023Sparsity-Preserving Differentially Private Training of Large Embedding Modelscited by 5
- 2024G-Meta: Distributed Meta Learning in GPU Clusters for Large-Scale Recommender Systemscited by 4
- 2023InTune: Reinforcement Learning-based Data Pipeline Optimization for Deep Recommendation Modelscited by 3
- 2025Toward Robust and Efficient ML-Based GPU Caching for Modern Inferencecited by 3
- 2023Saturn: An Optimized Data System for Large Model Deep Learning Workloadscited by 2
- 2024Differentially Private Optimization with Sparse Gradientscited by 2
- 2025Research on Low-Latency Inference and Training Efficiency Optimization for Graph Neural Network and Large Language Model-Based Recommendation Systemscited by 2
- 2025RecIS: Sparse to Dense, A Unified Training Framework for Recommendation Modelscited by 2
8 more
- 2023Failure Tolerant Training with Persistent Memory Disaggregation over CXLcited by 1
- 2024Fine-Grained Embedding Dimension Optimization During Training for Recommender Systemscited by 1
- 2024PIFS-Rec: Process-In-Fabric-Switch for Large-Scale Recommendation System Inferencescited by 1
- 2024ElasticRec: A Microservice-based Model Serving Architecture Enabling Elastic Resource Scaling for Recommendation Modelscited by 0
- 2025SCRec: A Scalable Computational Storage System with Statistical Sharding and Tensor-train Decomposition for Recommendation Modelscited by 0
- 2025MLKV: Efficiently Scaling up Large Embedding Model Training with Disk-based Key-Value Storagecited by 0
- 2025Faster Distributed Inference-Only Recommender Systems via Bounded Lag Synchronous Collectivescited by 0
- 2026NestPipe: Large-Scale Recommendation Training on 1,500+ Accelerators via Nested Pipeliningcited by 0
- 2026NestPipe: Large-Scale Recommendation Training on 1,500+ Accelerators via Nested Pipelining8 Apr 2026
- 2025Faster Distributed Inference-Only Recommender Systems via Bounded Lag Synchronous Collectives22 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward Robust and Efficient ML-Based GPU Caching for Modern Inference25 Sep 2025
- 2025RecIS: Sparse to Dense, A Unified Training Framework for Recommendation Models25 Sep 2025
- 2025Research on Low-Latency Inference and Training Efficiency Optimization for Graph Neural Network and Large Language Model-Based Recommendation Systems21 Jun 2025
- 2025RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference5 May 2025
- 2025MLKV: Efficiently Scaling up Large Embedding Model Training with Disk-based Key-Value Storage2 Apr 2025
- 2025SCRec: A Scalable Computational Storage System with Statistical Sharding and Tensor-train Decomposition for Recommendation Models1 Apr 2025
- 2024PIFS-Rec: Process-In-Fabric-Switch for Large-Scale Recommendation System Inferences25 Sep 2024
- 2024ElasticRec: A Microservice-based Model Serving Architecture Enabling Elastic Resource Scaling for Recommendation Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024Differentially Private Optimization with Sparse Gradients16 Apr 2024
- 2024Fine-Grained Embedding Dimension Optimization During Training for Recommender Systems9 Jan 2024
8 more
- 2024G-Meta: Distributed Meta Learning in GPU Clusters for Large-Scale Recommender Systems9 Jan 2024
- 2023CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Models6 Dec 2023
- 2023Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compression27 Nov 2023
- 2023Sparsity-Preserving Differentially Private Training of Large Embedding Models14 Nov 2023
- 2023Saturn: An Optimized Data System for Large Model Deep Learning Workloads3 Sep 2023
- 2023InTune: Reinforcement Learning-based Data Pipeline Optimization for Deep Recommendation Models13 Aug 2023
- 2023Dynamic Sparse Training with Structured Sparsity3 May 2023
- 2023Failure Tolerant Training with Persistent Memory Disaggregation over CXL14 Jan 2023
- 2023Dynamic Sparse Training with Structured Sparsitycited by 38
- 2023Experimental Analysis of Large-scale Learnable Vector Storage Compressioncited by 12
- 2023CAFE: Towards Compact, Adaptive, and Fast Embedding for Large-scale Recommendation Modelscited by 7
- 2023Sparsity-Preserving Differentially Private Training of Large Embedding Modelscited by 5
- 2024G-Meta: Distributed Meta Learning in GPU Clusters for Large-Scale Recommender Systemscited by 4
- 2023InTune: Reinforcement Learning-based Data Pipeline Optimization for Deep Recommendation Modelscited by 3
- 2025Toward Robust and Efficient ML-Based GPU Caching for Modern Inferencecited by 3
- 2023Saturn: An Optimized Data System for Large Model Deep Learning Workloadscited by 2
- 2024Differentially Private Optimization with Sparse Gradientscited by 2
- 2025Research on Low-Latency Inference and Training Efficiency Optimization for Graph Neural Network and Large Language Model-Based Recommendation Systemscited by 2
- 2025RecIS: Sparse to Dense, A Unified Training Framework for Recommendation Modelscited by 2
- 2023Failure Tolerant Training with Persistent Memory Disaggregation over CXLcited by 1
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026NestPipe: Large-Scale Recommendation Training on 1,500+ Accelerators via Nested Pipelining8 Apr 2026
- 2025Faster Distributed Inference-Only Recommender Systems via Bounded Lag Synchronous Collectives22 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward Robust and Efficient ML-Based GPU Caching for Modern Inference25 Sep 2025
- 2025RecIS: Sparse to Dense, A Unified Training Framework for Recommendation Models25 Sep 2025
- 2025Research on Low-Latency Inference and Training Efficiency Optimization for Graph Neural Network and Large Language Model-Based Recommendation Systems21 Jun 2025
- 2025MLKV: Efficiently Scaling up Large Embedding Model Training with Disk-based Key-Value Storage2 Apr 2025
- 2025SCRec: A Scalable Computational Storage System with Statistical Sharding and Tensor-train Decomposition for Recommendation Models1 Apr 2025
- 2024PIFS-Rec: Process-In-Fabric-Switch for Large-Scale Recommendation System Inferences25 Sep 2024
- 2024ElasticRec: A Microservice-based Model Serving Architecture Enabling Elastic Resource Scaling for Recommendation Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024Differentially Private Optimization with Sparse Gradients16 Apr 2024
- 2024Fine-Grained Embedding Dimension Optimization During Training for Recommender Systems9 Jan 2024
- 2024G-Meta: Distributed Meta Learning in GPU Clusters for Large-Scale Recommender Systems9 Jan 2024
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)