Measuring and Improving Semantic Diversity of Dialogue Generation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated responses, as they mainly consider lexical aspects of the generated responses. In this paper, we introduce a new automatic evaluation metric to measure the semantic diversity of generated responses. Through human evaluation, we demonstrate that our proposed metric captures human judgments on response diversity better than existing lexical-level diversity metrics. Furthermore, motivated by analyzing an existing dialogue dataset, we propose a simple yet effective learning method that improves the semantic diversity of generated responses. Our learning method weights training samples based on the semantic distribution of the training set. We show that our learning method improves response diversity and coherency better than other baseline methods through automatic and human evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 45 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Oct 2022.
Builds on
45 of 59 references.
References · 45
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
- 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,893
- 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,916
- 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,847
- 2018Hierarchical Neural Story Generationcited by 1,193
- 2015A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Modelscited by 1,077
- 2019DialoGPT: Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generationcited by 842
- 2019Large-Scale Long-Tailed Recognition in an Open Worldcited by 705
- 2017DailyDialog: A Manually Labelled Multi-turn Dialogue Datasetcited by 652
- 2020Recipes for building an open-domain chatbotcited by 593
- 2021MAUVE: Measuring the Gap Between Neural Text and Human Text using Divergence Frontierscited by 470
33 more
- 2017A Deep Reinforced Model for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 365
- 2016Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dialogue Generationcited by 288
- 2017Learning Discourse-level Diversity for Neural Dialog Models using Conditional Variational Autoencoderscited by 222
- 2015Building End-To-End Dialogue Systems Using Generative Hierarchical Neural Network Modelscited by 207
- 2015A Neural Conversational Modelcited by 196
- 2016A Hierarchical Latent Variable Encoder-Decoder Model for Generating Dialoguescited by 174
- 2020Disentangling Label Distribution for Long-tailed Visual Recognitioncited by 172
- 2019PLATO: Pre-trained Dialogue Generation Model with Discrete Latent Variablecited by 145
- 2019What makes a good conversation? How controllable attributes affect human judgmentscited by 140
- 2017ParlAI: A Dialog Research Software Platformcited by 139
- 2020Evaluating the Evaluation of Diversity in Natural Language Generationcited by 129
- 2018Generating Informative and Diverse Conversational Responses via Adversarial Information Maximizationcited by 116
- 2019Don't Say That! Making Inconsistent Dialogue Unlikely with Unlikelihood Trainingcited by 110
- 2016Learning End-to-End Goal-Oriented Dialogcited by 104
- 2017Adversarial Learning for Neural Dialogue Generationcited by 103
- 2015A Neural Network Approach to Context-Sensitive Generation of Conversational Responsescited by 98
- 2020PLATO-2: Towards Building an Open-Domain Chatbot via Curriculum Learningcited by 79
- 2016A Simple, Fast Diverse Decoding Algorithm for Neural Generationcited by 58
- 2020Learning an Unreferenced Metric for Online Dialogue Evaluationcited by 52
- 2018Importance of Search and Evaluation Strategies in Neural Dialogue Modelingcited by 44
- 2021Cross-replication Reliability -- An Empirical Approach to Interpreting Inter-rater Reliabilitycited by 31
- 2019Improving Neural Conversational Models with Entropy-Based Data Filteringcited by 30
- 2022Semantic Diversity in Dialogue with Natural Language Inferencecited by 29
- 2021Diversifying Dialog Generation via Adaptive Label Smoothingcited by 25
- 2019Negative Training for Neural Dialogue Response Generationcited by 24
- 2017Hierarchical Text Generation and Planning for Strategic Dialoguecited by 23
- 2019Jointly Optimizing Diversity and Relevance in Neural Response Generationcited by 22
- 2019Generating Multiple Diverse Responses with Multi-Mapping and Posterior Mapping Selectioncited by 8
- 2019Improve Diverse Text Generation by Self Labeling Conditional Variational Auto Encodercited by 6
- 2020Dialogue Generation on Infrequent Sentence Functions via Structured Meta-Learningcited by 6
- 2020Generating Dialogue Responses from a Semantic Latent Spacecited by 5
- 2021Distilling the Knowledge of Large-scale Generative Models into Retrieval Models for Efficient Open-domain Conversationcited by 4
- 2021Understanding and Improving the Exemplar-based Generation for Open-domain Conversationcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
16 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023The Curious Decline of Linguistic Diversity: Training Language Models on Synthetic Textcited by 100
- 2024Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometricscited by 59
- 2024k-SemStamp: A Clustering-Based Semantic Watermark for Detection of Machine-Generated Textcited by 51
- 2025The Price of Format: Diversity Collapse in LLMscited by 43
- 2024Benchmarking Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Modelscited by 38
- 2025Measuring Data Diversity for Instruction Tuning: A Systematic Analysis and A Reliable Metriccited by 24
- 2025SimMark: A Robust Sentence-Level Similarity-Based Watermarking Algorithm for Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2023CHAMPAGNE: Learning Real-world Conversation from Large-Scale Web Videoscited by 14
- 2023Large Language Models can Share Images, Too!cited by 5
- 2025We Argue to Agree: Towards Personality-Driven Argumentation-Based Negotiation Dialogue Systems for Tourismcited by 5
- 2025A survey of diversity quantification in natural language processing: The why, what, where and howcited by 4
- 2025We Need to Measure Data Diversity in NLP -- Better and Broadercited by 2
4 more
- 2024Co-Trained Retriever-Generator Framework for Question Generation in Earnings Callscited by 1
- 2026emb-diversity: A Tool for Embedding-Based Measurement of Data Diversitycited by 1
- 2023Dior-CVAE: Pre-trained Language Models and Diffusion Priors for Variational Dialog Generationcited by 0
- 2026ComVi: Context-Aware Optimized Comment Display in Video Playbackcited by 0
- 2026emb-diversity: A Tool for Embedding-Based Measurement of Data Diversity22 Jul 2026
- 2026ComVi: Context-Aware Optimized Comment Display in Video Playback27 Mar 2026
- 2025We Argue to Agree: Towards Personality-Driven Argumentation-Based Negotiation Dialogue Systems for Tourism14 Sep 2025
- 2025A survey of diversity quantification in natural language processing: The why, what, where and how28 Jul 2025
- 2025We Need to Measure Data Diversity in NLP -- Better and Broader26 May 2025
- 2025The Price of Format: Diversity Collapse in LLMs25 May 2025
- 2025Measuring Data Diversity for Instruction Tuning: A Systematic Analysis and A Reliable Metric24 Feb 2025
- 2025SimMark: A Robust Sentence-Level Similarity-Based Watermarking Algorithm for Large Language Models5 Feb 2025
- 2024Benchmarking Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Models13 Dec 2024
- 2024Co-Trained Retriever-Generator Framework for Question Generation in Earnings Calls27 Sep 2024
- 2024Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometrics20 Jun 2024
- 2024k-SemStamp: A Clustering-Based Semantic Watermark for Detection of Machine-Generated Text17 Feb 2024
4 more
- 2023The Curious Decline of Linguistic Diversity: Training Language Models on Synthetic Text16 Nov 2023
- 2023Large Language Models can Share Images, Too!23 Oct 2023
- 2023Dior-CVAE: Pre-trained Language Models and Diffusion Priors for Variational Dialog Generation24 May 2023
- 2023CHAMPAGNE: Learning Real-world Conversation from Large-Scale Web Videos17 Mar 2023
- 2023The Curious Decline of Linguistic Diversity: Training Language Models on Synthetic Textcited by 100
- 2024Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometricscited by 59
- 2025The Price of Format: Diversity Collapse in LLMscited by 43
- 2024Benchmarking Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Modelscited by 38
- 2025Measuring Data Diversity for Instruction Tuning: A Systematic Analysis and A Reliable Metriccited by 24
- 2023CHAMPAGNE: Learning Real-world Conversation from Large-Scale Web Videoscited by 14
- 2023Large Language Models can Share Images, Too!cited by 5
- 2025We Argue to Agree: Towards Personality-Driven Argumentation-Based Negotiation Dialogue Systems for Tourismcited by 5
- 2025A survey of diversity quantification in natural language processing: The why, what, where and howcited by 4
- 2025We Need to Measure Data Diversity in NLP -- Better and Broadercited by 2
- 2024Co-Trained Retriever-Generator Framework for Question Generation in Earnings Callscited by 1
- 2026emb-diversity: A Tool for Embedding-Based Measurement of Data Diversitycited by 1
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026emb-diversity: A Tool for Embedding-Based Measurement of Data Diversity22 Jul 2026
- 2026ComVi: Context-Aware Optimized Comment Display in Video Playback27 Mar 2026
- 2025We Argue to Agree: Towards Personality-Driven Argumentation-Based Negotiation Dialogue Systems for Tourism14 Sep 2025
- 2025A survey of diversity quantification in natural language processing: The why, what, where and how28 Jul 2025
- 2025We Need to Measure Data Diversity in NLP -- Better and Broader26 May 2025
- 2025The Price of Format: Diversity Collapse in LLMs25 May 2025
- 2025Measuring Data Diversity for Instruction Tuning: A Systematic Analysis and A Reliable Metric24 Feb 2025
- 2024Benchmarking Linguistic Diversity of Large Language Models13 Dec 2024
- 2024Co-Trained Retriever-Generator Framework for Question Generation in Earnings Calls27 Sep 2024
- 2024Do LLMs Have Distinct and Consistent Personality? TRAIT: Personality Testset designed for LLMs with Psychometrics20 Jun 2024
- 2023The Curious Decline of Linguistic Diversity: Training Language Models on Synthetic Text16 Nov 2023
- 2023Large Language Models can Share Images, Too!23 Oct 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)