FR: Folded Rationalization with a Unified Encoder
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Abstract (arXiv)
Conventional works generally employ a two-phase model in which a generator selects the most important pieces, followed by a predictor that makes predictions based on the selected pieces. However, such a two-phase model may incur the degeneration problem where the predictor overfits to the noise generated by a not yet well-trained generator and in turn, leads the generator to converge to a sub-optimal model that tends to select senseless pieces. To tackle this challenge, we propose Folded Rationalization (FR) that folds the two phases of the rationale model into one from the perspective of text semantic extraction. The key idea of FR is to employ a unified encoder between the generator and predictor, based on which FR can facilitate a better predictor by access to valuable information blocked by the generator in the traditional two-phase model and thus bring a better generator. Empirically, we show that FR improves the F1 score by up to 10.3% as compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2022.
Builds on
20 of 27 references.
References · 20
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- 2020Invariant Rationalizationcited by 131
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- 2020Learning to Faithfully Rationalize by Constructioncited by 113
8 more
- 2019Rethinking Cooperative Rationalization: Introspective Extraction and Complement Controlcited by 96
- 2018Deriving Machine Attention from Human Rationalescited by 54
- 2021Understanding Interlocking Dynamics of Cooperative Rationalizationcited by 36
- 2019A Game Theoretic Approach to Class-wise Selective Rationalizationcited by 32
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 4; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
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- 2023D-Separation for Causal Self-Explanationcited by 21
- 2025Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems via Textual Backpropagationcited by 21
- 2023Towards Trustworthy Explanation: On Causal Rationalizationcited by 19
- 2023Enhancing the Rationale-Input Alignment for Self-explaining Rationalizationcited by 15
- 2023Decoupled Rationalization with Asymmetric Learning Rates: A Flexible Lipschitz Restraintcited by 14
- 2023MGR: Multi-generator Based Rationalizationcited by 12
- 2024Multi-Level Explanations for Generative Language Modelscited by 11
- 2024Is the MMI Criterion Necessary for Interpretability? Degenerating Non-causal Features to Plain Noise for Self-Rationalizationcited by 11
- 2025Breaking Free from MMI: A New Frontier in Rationalization by Probing Input Utilizationcited by 6
- 2025Adversarial Cooperative Rationalization: The Risk of Spurious Correlations in Even Clean Datasetscited by 6
- 2024MARE: Multi-Aspect Rationale Extractor on Unsupervised Rationale Extractioncited by 4
- 2026GNN Explanations that do not Explain and How to find Themcited by 3
6 more
- 2023You Only Forward Once: Prediction and Rationalization in A Single Forward Passcited by 2
- 2025Boosting Explainability through Selective Rationalization in Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025X-Troll: eXplainable Detection of State-Sponsored Information Operations Agentscited by 2
- 2024CMA-R:Causal Mediation Analysis for Explaining Rumour Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Learnable Game-theoretic Policy Optimization for Data-centric Self-explanation Rationalizationcited by 1
- 2025Text Rationalization for Robust Causal Effect Estimationcited by 1
- 2026GNN Explanations that do not Explain and How to find Them28 Jan 2026
- 2025Text Rationalization for Robust Causal Effect Estimation5 Dec 2025
- 2025Learnable Game-theoretic Policy Optimization for Data-centric Self-explanation Rationalization15 Oct 2025
- 2025X-Troll: eXplainable Detection of State-Sponsored Information Operations Agents22 Aug 2025
- 2025Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems via Textual Backpropagation10 Jun 2025
- 2025Adversarial Cooperative Rationalization: The Risk of Spurious Correlations in Even Clean Datasets4 May 2025
- 2025Breaking Free from MMI: A New Frontier in Rationalization by Probing Input Utilization8 Mar 2025
- 2025Boosting Explainability through Selective Rationalization in Pre-trained Language Models3 Jan 2025
- 2024Is the MMI Criterion Necessary for Interpretability? Degenerating Non-causal Features to Plain Noise for Self-Rationalization8 Oct 2024
- 2024MARE: Multi-Aspect Rationale Extractor on Unsupervised Rationale Extraction4 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-Level Explanations for Generative Language Models21 Mar 2024
- 2024CMA-R:Causal Mediation Analysis for Explaining Rumour Detection13 Feb 2024
6 more
- 2023Enhancing the Rationale-Input Alignment for Self-explaining Rationalization7 Dec 2023
- 2023You Only Forward Once: Prediction and Rationalization in A Single Forward Pass4 Nov 2023
- 2023D-Separation for Causal Self-Explanation23 Sep 2023
- 2023Towards Trustworthy Explanation: On Causal Rationalization25 Jun 2023
- 2023Decoupled Rationalization with Asymmetric Learning Rates: A Flexible Lipschitz Restraint23 May 2023
- 2023MGR: Multi-generator Based Rationalization8 May 2023
- 2023D-Separation for Causal Self-Explanationcited by 21
- 2023Towards Trustworthy Explanation: On Causal Rationalizationcited by 19
- 2023Enhancing the Rationale-Input Alignment for Self-explaining Rationalizationcited by 15
- 2023Decoupled Rationalization with Asymmetric Learning Rates: A Flexible Lipschitz Restraintcited by 14
- 2023MGR: Multi-generator Based Rationalizationcited by 12
- 2024Multi-Level Explanations for Generative Language Modelscited by 11
- 2024Is the MMI Criterion Necessary for Interpretability? Degenerating Non-causal Features to Plain Noise for Self-Rationalizationcited by 11
- 2025Breaking Free from MMI: A New Frontier in Rationalization by Probing Input Utilizationcited by 6
- 2025Adversarial Cooperative Rationalization: The Risk of Spurious Correlations in Even Clean Datasetscited by 6
- 2024MARE: Multi-Aspect Rationale Extractor on Unsupervised Rationale Extractioncited by 4
- 2026GNN Explanations that do not Explain and How to find Themcited by 3
- 2023You Only Forward Once: Prediction and Rationalization in A Single Forward Passcited by 2
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026GNN Explanations that do not Explain and How to find Them28 Jan 2026
- 2025Text Rationalization for Robust Causal Effect Estimation5 Dec 2025
- 2025Learnable Game-theoretic Policy Optimization for Data-centric Self-explanation Rationalization15 Oct 2025
- 2025Adversarial Cooperative Rationalization: The Risk of Spurious Correlations in Even Clean Datasets4 May 2025
- 2025Breaking Free from MMI: A New Frontier in Rationalization by Probing Input Utilization8 Mar 2025
- 2025Boosting Explainability through Selective Rationalization in Pre-trained Language Models3 Jan 2025
- 2024Is the MMI Criterion Necessary for Interpretability? Degenerating Non-causal Features to Plain Noise for Self-Rationalization8 Oct 2024
- 2024MARE: Multi-Aspect Rationale Extractor on Unsupervised Rationale Extraction4 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-Level Explanations for Generative Language Models21 Mar 2024
- 2024CMA-R:Causal Mediation Analysis for Explaining Rumour Detection13 Feb 2024
- 2023Enhancing the Rationale-Input Alignment for Self-explaining Rationalization7 Dec 2023
- 2023You Only Forward Once: Prediction and Rationalization in A Single Forward Pass4 Nov 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)