mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Causal Intervention Improves Implicit Sentiment Analysis

arXiv 2208.09329 ↗First posted 19 Aug 2022cs.CL cs.AIcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite having achieved great success for sentiment analysis, existing neural models struggle with implicit sentiment analysis. This may be due to the fact that they may latch onto spurious correlations ("shortcuts", e.g., focusing only on explicit sentiment words), resulting in undermining the effectiveness and robustness of the learned model. In this work, we propose a causal intervention model for Implicit Sentiment Analysis using Instrumental Variable (ISAIV). We first review sentiment analysis from a causal perspective and analyze the confounders existing in this task. Then, we introduce an instrumental variable to eliminate the confounding causal effects, thus extracting the pure causal effect between sentence and sentiment. We compare the proposed ISAIV model with several strong baselines on both the general implicit sentiment analysis and aspect-based implicit sentiment analysis tasks. The results indicate the great advantages of our model and the efficacy of implicit sentiment reasoning.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Aug 2022.

Builds on

24 of 64 references.

References · 24

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  8. 2021Causal Inference in Natural Language Processing: Estimation, Prediction, Interpretation and Beyondcited by 178
  9. 2019BERT Post-Training for Review Reading Comprehension and Aspect-based Sentiment Analysiscited by 176
  10. 2018Invariance, Causality and Robustnesscited by 123
  11. 2020Relational Graph Attention Network for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysiscited by 104
  12. 2017Interactive Attention Networks for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classificationcited by 91
12 more
  1. 2021Counterfactual Invariance to Spurious Correlations: Why and How to Pass Stress Testscited by 77
  2. 2019Adapt or Get Left Behind: Domain Adaptation through BERT Language Model Finetuning for Aspect-Target Sentiment Classificationcited by 63
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  4. 2021Does syntax matter? A strong baseline for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with RoBERTacited by 41
  5. 2021Learning Implicit Sentiment in Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Supervised Contrastive Pre-Trainingcited by 37
  6. 2020Unsupervised Discovery of Implicit Gender Biascited by 34
  7. 2018Challenges of Using Text Classifiers for Causal Inferencecited by 33
  8. 2018Feature-Wise Bias Amplificationcited by 31
  9. 2020Tasty Burgers, Soggy Fries: Probing Aspect Robustness in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysiscited by 23
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  11. 2021Adversarial Visual Robustness by Causal Interventioncited by 13
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2023Reasoning Implicit Sentiment with Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 80
  2. 2023Towards Trustworthy and Aligned Machine Learning: A Data-centric Survey with Causality Perspectivescited by 30
  3. 2024Causal Walk: Debiasing Multi-Hop Fact Verification with Front-Door Adjustmentcited by 17
  4. 2024RVISA: Reasoning and Verification for Implicit Sentiment Analysiscited by 9
  5. 2023Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis with Explicit Sentiment Augmentationscited by 7
  6. 2024EmPO: Emotion Grounding for Empathetic Response Generation through Preference Optimizationcited by 4
  7. 2024My Words Imply Your Opinion: Reader Agent-based Propagation Enhancement for Personalized Implicit Emotion Analysiscited by 4
  8. 2025Causal Prompting for Implicit Sentiment Analysis with Large Language Modelscited by 4
  9. 2024Domain Generalization via Causal Adjustment for Cross-Domain Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
  10. 2024DINER: Debiasing Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Multi-variable Causal Inferencecited by 3
  11. 2025Learning Local Causal World Models with State Space Models and Attentioncited by 2
  12. 2026When to Trust: A Causality-Aware Calibration Framework for Accurate Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
4 more
  1. 2024Topic-aware Causal Intervention for Counterfactual Detectioncited by 1
  2. 2025Application of Multiple Chain-of-Thought in Contrastive Reasoning for Implicit Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
  3. 2025CURE: Controlled Unlearning for Robust Embeddings -- Mitigating Conceptual Shortcuts in Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 0
  4. 2026Task-Routed Mixture-of-Experts with Cognitive Appraisal for Implicit Sentiment Analysiscited by 0