mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ILLUME: Rationalizing Vision-Language Models through Human Interactions

arXiv 2208.08241 ↗First posted 17 Aug 2022cs.LG cs.AI cs.CLcited by 5

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Bootstrapping from pre-trained language models has been proven to be an efficient approach for building vision-language models (VLM) for tasks such as image captioning or visual question answering. However, outputs of these models rarely align with user's rationales for specific answers. In order to improve this alignment and reinforce commonsense reasons, we propose a tuning paradigm based on human interactions with machine-generated data. Our ILLUME executes the following loop: Given an image-question-answer prompt, the VLM samples multiple candidate rationales, and a human critic provides feedback via preference selection, used for fine-tuning. This loop increases the training data and gradually carves out the VLM's rationalization capabilities that are aligned with human intent. Our exhaustive experiments demonstrate that ILLUME is competitive with standard supervised finetuning while using significantly fewer training data and only requiring minimal feedback.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 30 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Aug 2022.

Builds on

30 of 46 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan

Other references · 29

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  3. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  4. 2019Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for NLPcited by 4,195
  5. 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
  6. 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
  7. 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
  8. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
  9. 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
  10. 2016CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoningcited by 1,445
  11. 2022OFA: Unifying Architectures, Tasks, and Modalities Through a Simple Sequence-to-Sequence Learning Frameworkcited by 742
  12. 2021Multimodal Few-Shot Learning with Frozen Language Modelscited by 657
17 more
  1. 2018From Recognition to Cognition: Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 553
  2. 2017Why We Need New Evaluation Metrics for NLGcited by 232
  3. 2019WinoGrande: An Adversarial Winograd Schema Challenge at Scalecited by 194
  4. 2018Multimodal Explanations: Justifying Decisions and Pointing to the Evidencecited by 179
  5. 2021Alignment of Language Agentscited by 167
  6. 2020A Survey of Evaluation Metrics Used for NLG Systemscited by 164
  7. 2020Unsupervised Commonsense Question Answering with Self-Talkcited by 161
  8. 2021Understanding the Capabilities, Limitations, and Societal Impact of Large Language Modelscited by 159
  9. 2022Can Machines Help Us Answering Question 16 in Datasheets, and In Turn Reflecting on Inappropriate Content?cited by 150
  10. 2019"Going on a vacation" takes longer than "Going for a walk": A Study of Temporal Commonsense Understandingcited by 121
  11. 2022On the Paradox of Learning to Reason from Datacited by 93
  12. 2021MAGMA -- Multimodal Augmentation of Generative Models through Adapter-based Finetuningcited by 85
  13. 2018Faithful Multimodal Explanation for Visual Question Answeringcited by 64
  14. 2021Neuro-Symbolic Forward Reasoningcited by 16
  15. 2022CLEVR-X: A Visual Reasoning Dataset for Natural Language Explanationscited by 16
  16. 2022A Typology for Exploring the Mitigation of Shortcut Behaviorcited by 7
  17. 2016Measuring Machine Intelligence Through Visual Question Answeringcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Exploring the Frontier of Vision-Language Models: A Survey of Current Methodologies and Future Directions
  2. 2025Human Uncertainty-Aware Data Selection and Automatic Labeling in Visual Question Answering
  3. 2023Language Models as Black-Box Optimizers for Vision-Language Models
  4. 2025Analyzing the Sensitivity of Vision Language Models in Visual Question Answering
  5. 2025Feedback-Driven Vision-Language Alignment with Minimal Human Supervision
  6. 2024Dynamic Multimodal Evaluation with Flexible Complexity by Vision-Language Bootstrapping
  7. 2024How Vision-Language Tasks Benefit from Large Pre-trained Models: A Survey
  8. 2026Do Vision-Language Models See or Guess? Measuring and Reducing Textual-Prior Reliance with a Phrasing-Controlled Benchmark