P2P: Tuning Pre-trained Image Models for Point Cloud Analysis with Point-to-Pixel Prompting
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Abstract (arXiv)
Nowadays, pre-training big models on large-scale datasets has become a crucial topic in deep learning. The pre-trained models with high representation ability and transferability achieve a great success and dominate many downstream tasks in natural language processing and 2D vision. However, it is non-trivial to promote such a pretraining-tuning paradigm to the 3D vision, given the limited training data that are relatively inconvenient to collect. In this paper, we provide a new perspective of leveraging pre-trained 2D knowledge in 3D domain to tackle this problem, tuning pre-trained image models with the novel Point-to-Pixel prompting for point cloud analysis at a minor parameter cost. Following the principle of prompting engineering, we transform point clouds into colorful images with geometry-preserved projection and geometry-aware coloring to adapt to pre-trained image models, whose weights are kept frozen during the end-to-end optimization of point cloud analysis tasks. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that cooperating with our proposed Point-to-Pixel Prompting, better pre-trained image model will lead to consistently better performance in 3D vision. Enjoying prosperous development from image pre-training field, our method attains 89.3% accuracy on the hardest setting of ScanObjectNN, surpassing conventional point cloud models with much fewer trainable parameters. Our framework also exhibits very competitive performance on ModelNet classification and ShapeNet Part Segmentation. Code is available at https://github.com/wangzy22/P2P.
Key facts. Cited by 74 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 74 of its 91 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2022.
Builds on
74 of 91 references.
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50 most cited of 74 All 74 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 7; 2023: 31; 2024: 14; 2025: 14; 2026: 8.
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- 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 641
- 2023ULIP-2: Towards Scalable Multimodal Pre-training for 3D Understandingcited by 199
- 2023Point-Bind & Point-LLM: Aligning Point Cloud with Multi-modality for 3D Understanding, Generation, and Instruction Followingcited by 192
- 2022PointCLIP V2: Prompting CLIP and GPT for Powerful 3D Open-world Learningcited by 186
- 2023Contrast with Reconstruct: Contrastive 3D Representation Learning Guided by Generative Pretrainingcited by 162
- 2022CLIP2Point: Transfer CLIP to Point Cloud Classification with Image-Depth Pre-trainingcited by 159
- 2022Learning 3D Representations from 2D Pre-trained Models via Image-to-Point Masked Autoencoderscited by 143
- 2023Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learningcited by 136
- 2022Autoencoders as Cross-Modal Teachers: Can Pretrained 2D Image Transformers Help 3D Representation Learning?cited by 121
- 2023PointGPT: Auto-regressively Generative Pre-training from Point Cloudscited by 115
- 2023Swin3D: A Pretrained Transformer Backbone for 3D Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 111
- 2023CLIP-FO3D: Learning Free Open-world 3D Scene Representations from 2D Dense CLIPcited by 89
38 more
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- 2023AdaPoinTr: Diverse Point Cloud Completion with Adaptive Geometry-Aware Transformerscited by 65
- 2025Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Foundation Modelscited by 43
- 2023Towards Compact 3D Representations via Point Feature Enhancement Masked Autoencoderscited by 42
- 2023Dual-path Adaptation from Image to Video Transformerscited by 40
- 2023Sketch and Text Guided Diffusion Model for Colored Point Cloud Generationcited by 36
- 2023Visual Tuningcited by 34
- 2023Take-A-Photo: 3D-to-2D Generative Pre-training of Point Cloud Modelscited by 25
- 2024Any2Point: Empowering Any-modality Large Models for Efficient 3D Understandingcited by 23
- 2023Self-supervised Learning for Pre-Training 3D Point Clouds: A Surveycited by 21
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Pre-Trained Vision Models: A Survey and Benchmarkcited by 21
- 2025Prompt-based Adaptation in Large-scale Vision Models: A Surveycited by 21
- 2025How Well Do Supervised 3D Models Transfer to Medical Imaging Tasks?cited by 19
- 2022EPCL: Frozen CLIP Transformer is An Efficient Point Cloud Encodercited by 18
- 2023Sculpting Holistic 3D Representation in Contrastive Language-Image-3D Pre-trainingcited by 17
- 20233DAxiesPrompts: Unleashing the 3D Spatial Task Capabilities of GPT-4Vcited by 15
- 2023Invariant Training 2D-3D Joint Hard Samples for Few-Shot Point Cloud Recognitioncited by 13
- 2023Beyond First Impressions: Integrating Joint Multi-modal Cues for Comprehensive 3D Representationcited by 12
- 2023Decoupled Local Aggregation for Point Cloud Learningcited by 12
- 2024LCM: Locally Constrained Compact Point Cloud Model for Masked Point Modelingcited by 12
- 2024MAP: Unleashing Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbone's Potential with Masked Autoregressive Pretrainingcited by 12
- 2025PointDico: Contrastive 3D Representation Learning Guided by Diffusion Modelscited by 11
- 2023PillarNeSt: Embracing Backbone Scaling and Pretraining for Pillar-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2022Point-DAE: Denoising Autoencoders for Self-supervised Point Cloud Learningcited by 9
- 2023General Point Model with Autoencoding and Autoregressivecited by 9
- 2025PointSea: Point Cloud Completion via Self-structure Augmentationcited by 9
- 2025PMA: Towards Parameter-Efficient Point Cloud Understanding via Point Mamba Adaptercited by 9
- 2022Pix4Point: Image Pretrained Standard Transformers for 3D Point Cloud Understandingcited by 6
- 2023Regress Before Construct: Regress Autoencoder for Point Cloud Self-supervised Learningcited by 6
- 2023Language-Assisted 3D Scene Understandingcited by 6
- 2024Adapt PointFormer: 3D Point Cloud Analysis via Adapting 2D Visual Transformerscited by 4
- 2023Point Clouds Are Specialized Images: A Knowledge Transfer Approach for 3D Understandingcited by 3
- 2024SamLP: A Customized Segment Anything Model for License Plate Detectioncited by 3
- 2024ModelNet-O: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Occlusion-Aware Point Cloud Classificationcited by 3
- 2024Formula-Supervised Visual-Geometric Pre-trainingcited by 3
- 2025Harnessing Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Point Cloud Self-Supervised Learningcited by 3
- 2023Slice Transformer and Self-supervised Learning for 6DoF Localization in 3D Point Cloud Mapscited by 2
- 2024Pre-training Point Cloud Compact Model with Partial-aware Reconstructioncited by 2
50 most cited of 74 All 74 (JSON)
- 2026Bootstrapping a 4D LiDAR Annotation Tool from Video Foundation Models26 Aug 2026
- 2026GATE-3D: Geometry-Aware Test-time Adaptive Reranking for Open-Set 3D Shape Retrieval21 Jul 2026
- 2026Rethinking Point Clouds as Sequences: A Causal Next-Token Predictive Learning Framework17 May 2026
- 2026PointGS: Semantic-Consistent Unsupervised 3D Point Cloud Segmentation with 3D Gaussian Splatting12 May 2026
- 2026LIDARLearn: A Unified Deep Learning Library for 3D Point Cloud Classification, Segmentation, and Self-Supervised Representation Learning12 Apr 2026
- 2026Bridging the Dimensionality Gap: A Taxonomy and Survey of 2D Vision Model Adaptation for 3D Analysis3 Apr 2026
- 2026Skeleton-to-Image Encoding: Enabling Skeleton Representation Learning via Vision-Pretrained Models6 Mar 2026
- 2026Point-SRA: Self-Representation Alignment for 3D Representation Learning5 Jan 2026
- 2025PointDico: Contrastive 3D Representation Learning Guided by Diffusion Models9 Dec 2025
- 2025Prompt-based Adaptation in Large-scale Vision Models: A Survey15 Oct 2025
- 2025Joint graph entropy knowledge distillation for point cloud classification and robustness against corruptions26 Sep 2025
- 2025Point-RTD: Replaced Token Denoising for Pretraining Transformer Models on Point Clouds21 Sep 2025
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- 2025Adaptive Point-Prompt Tuning: Fine-Tuning Heterogeneous Foundation Models for 3D Point Cloud Analysis30 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-modal Multi-task Pre-training for Improved Point Cloud Understanding23 Jul 2025
- 2025MS-DGCNN++: Multi-Scale Dynamic Graph Convolution with Scale-Dependent Normalization for Robust LiDAR Tree Species Classification16 Jul 2025
- 2025Harnessing Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Point Cloud Self-Supervised Learning12 Jul 2025
- 2025PointVDP: Learning View-Dependent Projection by Fireworks Rays for 3D Point Cloud Segmentation9 Jul 2025
- 2025PMA: Towards Parameter-Efficient Point Cloud Understanding via Point Mamba Adapter27 May 2025
- 2025Parameter-Efficient CLIP Adaptation for 3D Understanding via Unified Tokenization24 May 2025
- 2025PointSea: Point Cloud Completion via Self-structure Augmentation24 Feb 2025
- 2025Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Foundation Models23 Jan 2025
- 2025How Well Do Supervised 3D Models Transfer to Medical Imaging Tasks?20 Jan 2025
- 2024Enhancing Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Vision Transformers through Frequency-Based Adaptation28 Nov 2024
- 2024Pic@Point: Cross-Modal Learning by Local and Global Point-Picture Correspondence12 Oct 2024
- 2024MAP: Unleashing Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbone's Potential with Masked Autoregressive Pretraining1 Oct 2024
- 2024Formula-Supervised Visual-Geometric Pre-training20 Sep 2024
- 2024Boosting Cross-Domain Point Classification via Distilling Relational Priors from 2D Transformers26 Jul 2024
- 2024Adapt PointFormer: 3D Point Cloud Analysis via Adapting 2D Visual Transformers18 Jul 2024
- 2024Pre-training Point Cloud Compact Model with Partial-aware Reconstruction12 Jul 2024
- 2024Masked Generative Extractor for Synergistic Representation and 3D Generation of Point Clouds25 Jun 2024
- 2024LCM: Locally Constrained Compact Point Cloud Model for Masked Point Modeling27 May 2024
- 2024Any2Point: Empowering Any-modality Large Models for Efficient 3D Understanding11 Apr 2024
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Survey21 Mar 2024
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Pre-Trained Vision Models: A Survey and Benchmark3 Feb 2024
- 2024ModelNet-O: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Occlusion-Aware Point Cloud Classification16 Jan 2024
- 2024SamLP: A Customized Segment Anything Model for License Plate Detection12 Jan 2024
- 2023Language-Assisted 3D Scene Understanding18 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Compact 3D Representations via Point Feature Enhancement Masked Autoencoders17 Dec 2023
- 20233DAxiesPrompts: Unleashing the 3D Spatial Task Capabilities of GPT-4V15 Dec 2023
- 2023Cross-BERT for Point Cloud Pretraining8 Dec 2023
- 2023PillarNeSt: Embracing Backbone Scaling and Pretraining for Pillar-based 3D Object Detection29 Nov 2023
- 2023Sculpting Holistic 3D Representation in Contrastive Language-Image-3D Pre-training3 Nov 2023
- 2023General Point Model with Autoencoding and Autoregressive25 Oct 2023
- 2023JM3D & JM3D-LLM: Elevating 3D Understanding with Joint Multi-modal Cues14 Oct 2023
- 2023Point Neighborhood Embeddings3 Oct 2023
- 2023Regress Before Construct: Regress Autoencoder for Point Cloud Self-supervised Learning25 Sep 2023
- 2023Point-Bind & Point-LLM: Aligning Point Cloud with Multi-modality for 3D Understanding, Generation, and Instruction Following1 Sep 2023
- 2023Decoupled Local Aggregation for Point Cloud Learning31 Aug 2023
- 2023Less is More: Towards Efficient Few-shot 3D Semantic Segmentation via Training-free Networks24 Aug 2023
- 2023Invariant Training 2D-3D Joint Hard Samples for Few-Shot Point Cloud Recognition18 Aug 2023
50 newest of 74 All 74 (JSON)
- 2024LCM: Locally Constrained Compact Point Cloud Model for Masked Point Modelingcited by 12
- 2024MAP: Unleashing Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbone's Potential with Masked Autoregressive Pretrainingcited by 12
- 2025PMA: Towards Parameter-Efficient Point Cloud Understanding via Point Mamba Adaptercited by 9
- 2025PMA: Towards Parameter-Efficient Point Cloud Understanding via Point Mamba Adapter27 May 2025
- 2024MAP: Unleashing Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Vision Backbone's Potential with Masked Autoregressive Pretraining1 Oct 2024
- 2024LCM: Locally Constrained Compact Point Cloud Model for Masked Point Modeling27 May 2024
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 641
- 2023ULIP-2: Towards Scalable Multimodal Pre-training for 3D Understandingcited by 199
- 2023Point-Bind & Point-LLM: Aligning Point Cloud with Multi-modality for 3D Understanding, Generation, and Instruction Followingcited by 192
- 2022PointCLIP V2: Prompting CLIP and GPT for Powerful 3D Open-world Learningcited by 186
- 2023Contrast with Reconstruct: Contrastive 3D Representation Learning Guided by Generative Pretrainingcited by 162
- 2022CLIP2Point: Transfer CLIP to Point Cloud Classification with Image-Depth Pre-trainingcited by 159
- 2022Learning 3D Representations from 2D Pre-trained Models via Image-to-Point Masked Autoencoderscited by 143
- 2023Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learningcited by 136
- 2022Autoencoders as Cross-Modal Teachers: Can Pretrained 2D Image Transformers Help 3D Representation Learning?cited by 121
- 2023PointGPT: Auto-regressively Generative Pre-training from Point Cloudscited by 115
- 2023Swin3D: A Pretrained Transformer Backbone for 3D Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 111
- 2023CLIP-FO3D: Learning Free Open-world 3D Scene Representations from 2D Dense CLIPcited by 89
12 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)
- 2026Bootstrapping a 4D LiDAR Annotation Tool from Video Foundation Models26 Aug 2026
- 2026GATE-3D: Geometry-Aware Test-time Adaptive Reranking for Open-Set 3D Shape Retrieval21 Jul 2026
- 2026Rethinking Point Clouds as Sequences: A Causal Next-Token Predictive Learning Framework17 May 2026
- 2026PointGS: Semantic-Consistent Unsupervised 3D Point Cloud Segmentation with 3D Gaussian Splatting12 May 2026
- 2026LIDARLearn: A Unified Deep Learning Library for 3D Point Cloud Classification, Segmentation, and Self-Supervised Representation Learning12 Apr 2026
- 2026Bridging the Dimensionality Gap: A Taxonomy and Survey of 2D Vision Model Adaptation for 3D Analysis3 Apr 2026
- 2026Skeleton-to-Image Encoding: Enabling Skeleton Representation Learning via Vision-Pretrained Models6 Mar 2026
- 2026Point-SRA: Self-Representation Alignment for 3D Representation Learning5 Jan 2026
- 2025Prompt-based Adaptation in Large-scale Vision Models: A Survey15 Oct 2025
- 2025Joint graph entropy knowledge distillation for point cloud classification and robustness against corruptions26 Sep 2025
- 2025Point-RTD: Replaced Token Denoising for Pretraining Transformer Models on Point Clouds21 Sep 2025
- 2025Adaptive Point-Prompt Tuning: Fine-Tuning Heterogeneous Foundation Models for 3D Point Cloud Analysis30 Aug 2025
12 newest of 66 All 66 (JSON)