Quantum Neural Network Classifiers: A Tutorial
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Machine learning has achieved dramatic success over the past decade, with applications ranging from face recognition to natural language processing. Meanwhile, rapid progress has been made in the field of quantum computation including developing both powerful quantum algorithms and advanced quantum devices. The interplay between machine learning and quantum physics holds the intriguing potential for bringing practical applications to the modern society. Here, we focus on quantum neural networks in the form of parameterized quantum circuits. We will mainly discuss different structures and encoding strategies of quantum neural networks for supervised learning tasks, and benchmark their performance utilizing Yao.jl, a quantum simulation package written in Julia Language. The codes are efficient, aiming to provide convenience for beginners in scientific works such as developing powerful variational quantum learning models and assisting the corresponding experimental demonstrations.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 113 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2022.
Builds on
38 of 113 references.
References · 38
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2017Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithmscited by 4,283
- 2017Dynamic Routing Between Capsulescited by 689
- 2020Variational Quantum Algorithmscited by 687
- 2018Supervised learning with quantum enhanced feature spacescited by 654
- 2020The power of quantum neural networkscited by 377
- 2020Power of data in quantum machine learningcited by 336
- 2020The effect of data encoding on the expressive power of variational quantum machine learning modelscited by 328
- 2016Quantum Machine Learningcited by 325
- 2020A rigorous and robust quantum speed-up in supervised machine learningcited by 270
26 more
- 2017Recent Trends in Deep Learning Based Natural Language Processingcited by 262
- 2021Attention Mechanisms in Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 232
- 2021Supervised quantum machine learning models are kernel methodscited by 199
- 2020Noise-Induced Barren Plateaus in Variational Quantum Algorithmscited by 192
- 2014Recurrent Neural Network Regularizationcited by 189
- 2019Efficient Learning for Deep Quantum Neural Networkscited by 160
- 2019Quantum Natural Gradientcited by 104
- 2021Federated Quantum Machine Learningcited by 82
- 2019A Differentiable Programming System to Bridge Machine Learning and Scientific Computingcited by 81
- 2021Encoding-dependent generalization bounds for parametrized quantum circuitscited by 81
- 2018Continuous-variable quantum neural networkscited by 74
- 2020TensorFlow Quantum: A Software Framework for Quantum Machine Learningcited by 72
- 2019Quantum Adversarial Machine Learningcited by 64
- 2020Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks for High Energy Physics Data Analysiscited by 64
- 2021Towards understanding the power of quantum kernels in the NISQ eracited by 43
- 2022Experimental quantum adversarial learning with programmable superconducting qubitscited by 38
- 2021Recent advances for quantum classifierscited by 35
- 2021Capacity and quantum geometry of parametrized quantum circuitscited by 32
- 2017Capsule Network Performance on Complex Datacited by 22
- 2019Experimental kernel-based quantum machine learning in finite feature spacecited by 21
- 2020VSQL: Variational Shadow Quantum Learning for Classificationcited by 17
- 2018Q#: Enabling scalable quantum computing and development with a high-level domain-specific languagecited by 7
- 2021Representation of binary classification trees with binary features by quantum circuitscited by 7
- 2022Study of Feature Importance for Quantum Machine Learning Modelscited by 7
- 2015ScaffCC: Scalable Compilation and Analysis of Quantum Programscited by 5
- 2013Quipper: A Scalable Quantum Programming Languagecited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
13 papers.
Sort:
- 2022Recent Advances for Quantum Neural Networks in Generative Learningcited by 39
- 2023Towards quantum enhanced adversarial robustness in machine learningcited by 26
- 2022Reservoir Computing via Quantum Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 14
- 2022QuACK: Accelerating Gradient-Based Quantum Optimization with Koopman Operator Learningcited by 7
- 2023Expressibility-induced Concentration of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernelscited by 7
- 2024Quantum-Classical Separations in Shallow-Circuit-Based Learning with and without Noisescited by 3
- 2023Universal adversarial perturbations for multiple classification tasks with quantum classifierscited by 1
- 2025PALQO: Physics-informed Model for Accelerating Large-scale Quantum Optimizationcited by 1
- 2024Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Quantum Depthwise Convolutional Neural Networks for Text Classificationcited by 0
- 2024Quantum-data-driven dynamical transition in quantum learningcited by 0
- 2024Assessing Superposition-Targeted Coverage Criteria for Quantum Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Quantum automated learning with provable and explainable trainabilitycited by 0
1 more
- 2026QuanForge: A Mutation Testing Framework for Quantum Neural Networks22 Apr 2026
- 2025PALQO: Physics-informed Model for Accelerating Large-scale Quantum Optimization25 Sep 2025
- 2025Quantum automated learning with provable and explainable trainability7 Feb 2025
- 2024Assessing Superposition-Targeted Coverage Criteria for Quantum Neural Networks3 Nov 2024
- 2024Quantum-data-driven dynamical transition in quantum learning2 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Quantum Depthwise Convolutional Neural Networks for Text Classification22 May 2024
- 2024Quantum-Classical Separations in Shallow-Circuit-Based Learning with and without Noises1 May 2024
- 2023Expressibility-induced Concentration of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernels8 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards quantum enhanced adversarial robustness in machine learning22 Jun 2023
- 2023Universal adversarial perturbations for multiple classification tasks with quantum classifiers21 Jun 2023
- 2022Reservoir Computing via Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks4 Nov 2022
- 2022QuACK: Accelerating Gradient-Based Quantum Optimization with Koopman Operator Learning2 Nov 2022
1 more
- 2022Recent Advances for Quantum Neural Networks in Generative Learningcited by 39
- 2023Towards quantum enhanced adversarial robustness in machine learningcited by 26
- 2022Reservoir Computing via Quantum Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 14
- 2022QuACK: Accelerating Gradient-Based Quantum Optimization with Koopman Operator Learningcited by 7
- 2023Expressibility-induced Concentration of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernelscited by 7
- 2024Quantum-Classical Separations in Shallow-Circuit-Based Learning with and without Noisescited by 3
- 2023Universal adversarial perturbations for multiple classification tasks with quantum classifierscited by 1
- 2025PALQO: Physics-informed Model for Accelerating Large-scale Quantum Optimizationcited by 1
- 2024Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Quantum Depthwise Convolutional Neural Networks for Text Classificationcited by 0
- 2024Quantum-data-driven dynamical transition in quantum learningcited by 0
- 2024Assessing Superposition-Targeted Coverage Criteria for Quantum Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Quantum automated learning with provable and explainable trainabilitycited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026QuanForge: A Mutation Testing Framework for Quantum Neural Networks22 Apr 2026
- 2025PALQO: Physics-informed Model for Accelerating Large-scale Quantum Optimization25 Sep 2025
- 2025Quantum automated learning with provable and explainable trainability7 Feb 2025
- 2024Assessing Superposition-Targeted Coverage Criteria for Quantum Neural Networks3 Nov 2024
- 2024Quantum-data-driven dynamical transition in quantum learning2 Oct 2024
- 2024Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Quantum Depthwise Convolutional Neural Networks for Text Classification22 May 2024
- 2024Quantum-Classical Separations in Shallow-Circuit-Based Learning with and without Noises1 May 2024
- 2023Expressibility-induced Concentration of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernels8 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards quantum enhanced adversarial robustness in machine learning22 Jun 2023
- 2023Universal adversarial perturbations for multiple classification tasks with quantum classifiers21 Jun 2023
- 2022Reservoir Computing via Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks4 Nov 2022
- 2022QuACK: Accelerating Gradient-Based Quantum Optimization with Koopman Operator Learning2 Nov 2022
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)