CertiFair: A Framework for Certified Global Fairness of Neural Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
We consider the problem of whether a Neural Network (NN) model satisfies global individual fairness. Individual Fairness suggests that similar individuals with respect to a certain task are to be treated similarly by the decision model. In this work, we have two main objectives. The first is to construct a verifier which checks whether the fairness property holds for a given NN in a classification task or provide a counterexample if it is violated, i.e., the model is fair if all similar individuals are classified the same, and unfair if a pair of similar individuals are classified differently. To that end, We construct a sound and complete verifier that verifies global individual fairness properties of ReLU NN classifiers using distance-based similarity metrics. The second objective of this paper is to provide a method for training provably fair NN classifiers from unfair (biased) data. We propose a fairness loss that can be used during training to enforce fair outcomes for similar individuals. We then provide provable bounds on the fairness of the resulting NN. We run experiments on commonly used fairness datasets that are publicly available and we show that global individual fairness can be improved by 96 % without significant drop in test accuracy.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2022.
Builds on
34 of 53 references.
References · 34
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,305
- 2016Equality of Opportunity in Supervised Learningcited by 2,007
- 2019A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learningcited by 1,917
- 2017Reluplex: An Efficient SMT Solver for Verifying Deep Neural Networkscited by 744
- 2014Certifying and removing disparate impactcited by 715
- 2018Mitigating Unwanted Biases with Adversarial Learningcited by 663
- 2017Provable defenses against adversarial examples via the convex outer adversarial polytopecited by 567
- 2019Efficient and Accurate Estimation of Lipschitz Constants for Deep Neural Networkscited by 293
- 2017Formal Verification of Piece-Wise Linear Feed-Forward Neural Networkscited by 242
- 2019Algorithms for Verifying Deep Neural Networkscited by 221
- 2019Towards Stable and Efficient Training of Verifiably Robust Neural Networkscited by 205
- 2020Fast and Complete: Enabling Complete Neural Network Verification with Rapid and Massively Parallel Incomplete Verifierscited by 187
22 more
- 2018Formal Security Analysis of Neural Networks using Symbolic Intervalscited by 185
- 2018Efficient Formal Safety Analysis of Neural Networkscited by 165
- 2018FairGAN: Fairness-aware Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 164
- 2019Branch and Bound for Piecewise Linear Neural Network Verificationcited by 138
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- 2017An approach to reachability analysis for feed-forward ReLU neural networkscited by 127
- 2019On the Apparent Conflict Between Individual and Group Fairnesscited by 126
- 2018A Dual Approach to Scalable Verification of Deep Networkscited by 125
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- 2017Maximum Resilience of Artificial Neural Networkscited by 97
- 2016Measuring Neural Net Robustness with Constraintscited by 90
- 2018Verisig: verifying safety properties of hybrid systems with neural network controllerscited by 84
- 2017Output Reachable Set Estimation and Verification for Multi-Layer Neural Networkscited by 80
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- 2020Learning Certified Individually Fair Representationscited by 69
- 2020Verifying Individual Fairness in Machine Learning Modelscited by 49
- 2018Probabilistic Verification of Fairness Properties via Concentrationcited by 45
- 2019Perfectly Parallel Fairness Certification of Neural Networkscited by 42
- 2020SenSeI: Sensitive Set Invariance for Enforcing Individual Fairnesscited by 37
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- 2021Attributing Fair Decisions with Attention Interventionscited by 10
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
17 papers.
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- 2023Privacy and Fairness in Federated Learning: on the Perspective of Trade-offcited by 26
- 2024FairProof : Confidential and Certifiable Fairness for Neural Networkscited by 13
- 2024The Pursuit of Fairness in Artificial Intelligence Models: A Surveycited by 13
- 2022Explainable Global Fairness Verification of Tree-Based Classifierscited by 5
- 2023DeepBern-Nets: Taming the Complexity of Certifying Neural Networks using Bernstein Polynomial Activations and Precise Bound Propagationcited by 5
- 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinementcited by 5
- 2022FETA: Fairness Enforced Verifying, Training, and Predicting Algorithms for Neural Networkscited by 4
- 2024FairQuant: Certifying and Quantifying Fairness of Deep Neural Networkscited by 4
- 2025Logic Gate Neural Networks are Good for Verificationcited by 4
- 2025Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairnesscited by 3
- 2023Certification of Distributional Individual Fairnesscited by 2
- 2023gRoMA: a Tool for Measuring the Global Robustness of Deep Neural Networkscited by 1
5 more
- 2025Uncovering Discrimination Clusters: Quantifying and Explaining Systematic Fairness Violationscited by 1
- 2026TestifAI: Tomography-Based Testing for Deep Learning Systemscited by 1
- 2023Verifying Global Neural Network Specifications using Hyperpropertiescited by 0
- 2025Language Models That Walk the Talk: A Framework for Formal Fairness Certificatescited by 0
- 2025SMiLE: Provably Enforcing Global Relational Properties in Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026TestifAI: Tomography-Based Testing for Deep Learning Systems19 Aug 2026
- 2025Uncovering Discrimination Clusters: Quantifying and Explaining Systematic Fairness Violations29 Dec 2025
- 2025SMiLE: Provably Enforcing Global Relational Properties in Neural Networks10 Nov 2025
- 2025Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairness31 May 2025
- 2025Logic Gate Neural Networks are Good for Verification26 May 2025
- 2025Language Models That Walk the Talk: A Framework for Formal Fairness Certificates19 May 2025
- 2024FairQuant: Certifying and Quantifying Fairness of Deep Neural Networks5 Sep 2024
- 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinement16 May 2024
- 2024The Pursuit of Fairness in Artificial Intelligence Models: A Survey26 Mar 2024
- 2024FairProof : Confidential and Certifiable Fairness for Neural Networks19 Feb 2024
- 2023Certification of Distributional Individual Fairness20 Nov 2023
- 2023Privacy and Fairness in Federated Learning: on the Perspective of Trade-off25 Jun 2023
5 more
- 2023Verifying Global Neural Network Specifications using Hyperproperties21 Jun 2023
- 2023DeepBern-Nets: Taming the Complexity of Certifying Neural Networks using Bernstein Polynomial Activations and Precise Bound Propagation22 May 2023
- 2023gRoMA: a Tool for Measuring the Global Robustness of Deep Neural Networks5 Jan 2023
- 2022Explainable Global Fairness Verification of Tree-Based Classifiers27 Sep 2022
- 2022FETA: Fairness Enforced Verifying, Training, and Predicting Algorithms for Neural Networks1 Jun 2022
- 2023Privacy and Fairness in Federated Learning: on the Perspective of Trade-offcited by 26
- 2024FairProof : Confidential and Certifiable Fairness for Neural Networkscited by 13
- 2024The Pursuit of Fairness in Artificial Intelligence Models: A Surveycited by 13
- 2022Explainable Global Fairness Verification of Tree-Based Classifierscited by 5
- 2023DeepBern-Nets: Taming the Complexity of Certifying Neural Networks using Bernstein Polynomial Activations and Precise Bound Propagationcited by 5
- 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinementcited by 5
- 2022FETA: Fairness Enforced Verifying, Training, and Predicting Algorithms for Neural Networkscited by 4
- 2024FairQuant: Certifying and Quantifying Fairness of Deep Neural Networkscited by 4
- 2025Logic Gate Neural Networks are Good for Verificationcited by 4
- 2025Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairnesscited by 3
- 2023Certification of Distributional Individual Fairnesscited by 2
- 2023gRoMA: a Tool for Measuring the Global Robustness of Deep Neural Networkscited by 1
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026TestifAI: Tomography-Based Testing for Deep Learning Systems19 Aug 2026
- 2025Uncovering Discrimination Clusters: Quantifying and Explaining Systematic Fairness Violations29 Dec 2025
- 2025SMiLE: Provably Enforcing Global Relational Properties in Neural Networks10 Nov 2025
- 2025Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairness31 May 2025
- 2025Logic Gate Neural Networks are Good for Verification26 May 2025
- 2025Language Models That Walk the Talk: A Framework for Formal Fairness Certificates19 May 2025
- 2024FairQuant: Certifying and Quantifying Fairness of Deep Neural Networks5 Sep 2024
- 2024Relational DNN Verification With Cross Executional Bound Refinement16 May 2024
- 2024The Pursuit of Fairness in Artificial Intelligence Models: A Survey26 Mar 2024
- 2024FairProof : Confidential and Certifiable Fairness for Neural Networks19 Feb 2024
- 2023Certification of Distributional Individual Fairness20 Nov 2023
- 2023Privacy and Fairness in Federated Learning: on the Perspective of Trade-off25 Jun 2023
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)