mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MPPNet: Multi-Frame Feature Intertwining with Proxy Points for 3D Temporal Object Detection

arXiv 2205.05979 ↗First posted 12 May 2022cs.CVcited by 65

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Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate and reliable 3D detection is vital for many applications including autonomous driving vehicles and service robots. In this paper, we present a flexible and high-performance 3D detection framework, named MPPNet, for 3D temporal object detection with point cloud sequences. We propose a novel three-hierarchy framework with proxy points for multi-frame feature encoding and interactions to achieve better detection. The three hierarchies conduct per-frame feature encoding, short-clip feature fusion, and whole-sequence feature aggregation, respectively. To enable processing long-sequence point clouds with reasonable computational resources, intra-group feature mixing and inter-group feature attention are proposed to form the second and third feature encoding hierarchies, which are recurrently applied for aggregating multi-frame trajectory features. The proxy points not only act as consistent object representations for each frame, but also serve as the courier to facilitate feature interaction between frames. The experiments on large Waymo Open dataset show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods with large margins when applied to both short (e.g., 4-frame) and long (e.g., 16-frame) point cloud sequences. Code is available at https://github.com/open-mmlab/OpenPCDet.

Key facts. Cited by 65 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 May 2022.

Builds on

40 of 44 references.

References · 40

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  3. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  4. 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,436
  5. 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,707
  6. 2021MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Visioncited by 1,441
  7. 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
  8. 2020Center-based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 1,143
  9. 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
  10. 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
  11. 2019From Points to Parts: 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud with Part-aware and Part-aggregation Networkcited by 366
  12. 2019PIXOR: Real-time 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 358
28 more
  1. 2019STD: Sparse-to-Dense 3D Object Detector for Point Cloudcited by 282
  2. 2021PV-RCNN++: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction With Local Vector Representation for 3D Object Detectioncited by 232
  3. 2020Fast and Furious: Real Time End-to-End 3D Detection, Tracking and Motion Forecasting with a Single Convolutional Netcited by 228
  4. 2016Deep Feature Flow for Video Recognitioncited by 186
  5. 2017Flow-Guided Feature Aggregation for Video Object Detectioncited by 177
  6. 2021Offboard 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud Sequencescited by 144
  7. 2020Pillar-based Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 137
  8. 2017Detect to Track and Track to Detectcited by 131
  9. 2021LiDAR R-CNN: An Efficient and Universal 3D Object Detectorcited by 129
  10. 2020Memory Enhanced Global-Local Aggregation for Video Object Detectioncited by 128
  11. 2021RSN: Range Sparse Net for Efficient, Accurate LiDAR 3D Object Detectioncited by 115
  12. 2021Improving 3D Object Detection with Channel-wise Transformercited by 108
  13. 2021AFDetV2: Rethinking the Necessity of the Second Stage for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 88
  14. 2019Sequence Level Semantics Aggregation for Video Object Detectioncited by 87
  15. 2021Pyramid R-CNN: Towards Better Performance and Adaptability for 3D Object Detectioncited by 79
  16. 2019Relation Distillation Networks for Video Object Detectioncited by 77
  17. 20213D-MAN: 3D Multi-frame Attention Network for Object Detectioncited by 73
  18. 2016T-CNN: Tubelets with Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Detection from Videoscited by 67
  19. 2020AFDet: Anchor Free One Stage 3D Object Detectioncited by 63
  20. 2018Object Detection in Video with Spatiotemporal Sampling Networkscited by 57
  21. 2021Exploring Simple 3D Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 56
  22. 2020Temporal-Channel Transformer for 3D Lidar-Based Video Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 55
  23. 2019StarNet: Targeted Computation for Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 46
  24. 2017Video Object Detection with an Aligned Spatial-Temporal Memorycited by 41
  25. 2017Object Detection in Videos with Tubelet Proposal Networkscited by 24
  26. 2017Impression Network for Video Object Detectioncited by 13
  27. 2020PV-RCNN: The Top-Performing LiDAR-only Solutions for 3D Detection / 3D Tracking / Domain Adaptation of Waymo Open Dataset Challengescited by 8
  28. 2019Spatial Transformer for 3D Point Cloudscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 28; 2024: 19; 2025: 11; 2026: 2.

65 papers.

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  1. 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
  2. 2022Motion Transformer with Global Intention Localization and Local Movement Refinementcited by 267
  3. 2023MTR++: Multi-Agent Motion Prediction with Symmetric Scene Modeling and Guided Intention Queryingcited by 139
  4. 2023SelfOcc: Self-Supervised Vision-Based 3D Occupancy Predictioncited by 133
  5. 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
  6. 2023DSVT: Dynamic Sparse Voxel Transformer with Rotated Setscited by 122
  7. 2023LoGoNet: Towards Accurate 3D Object Detection with Local-to-Global Cross-Modal Fusioncited by 80
  8. 2022LidarMultiNet: Towards a Unified Multi-Task Network for LiDAR Perceptioncited by 74
  9. 2023FlatFormer: Flattened Window Attention for Efficient Point Cloud Transformercited by 72
  10. 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
  11. 2023PillarNeXt: Rethinking Network Designs for 3D Object Detection in LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 54
  12. 2022SSDA3D: Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudcited by 37
38 more
  1. 2023TorchSparse++: Efficient Training and Inference Framework for Sparse Convolution on GPUscited by 36
  2. 2023Super Sparse 3D Object Detectioncited by 32
  3. 2023DetZero: Rethinking Offboard 3D Object Detection with Long-term Sequential Point Cloudscited by 31
  4. 2023Once Detected, Never Lost: Surpassing Human Performance in Offline LiDAR based 3D Object Detectioncited by 28
  5. 2024SEED: A Simple and Effective 3D DETR in Point Cloudscited by 19
  6. 2024CRT-Fusion: Camera, Radar, Temporal Fusion Using Motion Information for 3D Object Detectioncited by 18
  7. 2024MCTrack: A Unified 3D Multi-Object Tracking Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
  8. 2023MSF: Motion-guided Sequential Fusion for Efficient 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud Sequencescited by 15
  9. 2024RAPiD-Seg: Range-Aware Pointwise Distance Distribution Networks for 3D LiDAR Segmentationcited by 15
  10. 2025TraF-Align: Trajectory-aware Feature Alignment for Asynchronous Multi-agent Perceptioncited by 15
  11. 2023TrajectoryFormer: 3D Object Tracking Transformer with Predictive Trajectory Hypothesescited by 14
  12. 2023MS3D++: Ensemble of Experts for Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
  13. 2023Self-supervised Pre-training with Masked Shape Prediction for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 13
  14. 2023MoDAR: Using Motion Forecasting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloud Sequencescited by 13
  15. 2023MS3D: Leveraging Multiple Detectors for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in 3D Object Detectioncited by 12
  16. 2023LiDARFormer: A Unified Transformer-based Multi-task Network for LiDAR Perceptioncited by 11
  17. 2023PCPNet: An Efficient and Semantic-Enhanced Transformer Network for Point Cloud Predictioncited by 11
  18. 2024ScatterFormer: Efficient Voxel Transformer with Scattered Linear Attentioncited by 11
  19. 2025M3Net: Multimodal Multi-task Learning for 3D Detection, Segmentation, and Occupancy Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 10
  20. 2024Semi-supervised 3D Object Detection with PatchTeacher and PillarMixcited by 9
  21. 2023Spatial-Temporal Graph Enhanced DETR Towards Multi-Frame 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
  22. 2023PTT: Point-Trajectory Transformer for Efficient Temporal 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
  23. 2024SOAP: Cross-sensor Domain Adaptation for 3D Object Detection Using Stationary Object Aggregation Pseudo-labellingcited by 8
  24. 2025Ev-3DOD: Pushing the Temporal Boundaries of 3D Object Detection with Event Camerascited by 8
  25. 20233D Video Object Detection with Learnable Object-Centric Global Optimizationcited by 7
  26. 2023Practical Collaborative Perception: A Framework for Asynchronous and Multi-Agent 3D Object Detectioncited by 6
  27. 2024ZOPP: A Framework of Zero-shot Offboard Panoptic Perception for Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  28. 2024Unleashing the Potential of Mamba: Boosting a LiDAR 3D Sparse Detector by Using Cross-Model Knowledge Distillationcited by 4
  29. 2023Frame Fusion with Vehicle Motion Prediction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
  30. 2024Future Does Matter: Boosting 3D Object Detection with Temporal Motion Estimation in Point Cloud Sequencescited by 3
  31. 2024Towards Flexible 3D Perception: Object-Centric Occupancy Completion Augments 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
  32. 2025MoRAL: Motion-aware Multi-Frame 4D Radar and LiDAR Fusion for Robust 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
  33. 2025UniLION: Towards Unified Autonomous Driving Model with Linear Group RNNscited by 3
  34. 2023LEF: Late-to-Early Temporal Fusion for LiDAR 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
  35. 2023TimePillars: Temporally-Recurrent 3D LiDAR Object Detectioncited by 2
  36. 2024Are Dense Labels Always Necessary for 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud?cited by 2
  37. 2024LiSD: An Efficient Multi-Task Learning Framework for LiDAR Segmentation and Detectioncited by 2
  38. 2024VADet: Multi-frame LiDAR 3D Object Detection using Variable Aggregationcited by 2

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