Stock Embeddings: Learning Distributed Representations for Financial Assets
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Abstract (arXiv)
Identifying meaningful relationships between the price movements of financial assets is a challenging but important problem in a variety of financial applications. However with recent research, particularly those using machine learning and deep learning techniques, focused mostly on price forecasting, the literature investigating the modelling of asset correlations has lagged somewhat. To address this, inspired by recent successes in natural language processing, we propose a neural model for training stock embeddings, which harnesses the dynamics of historical returns data in order to learn the nuanced relationships that exist between financial assets. We describe our approach in detail and discuss a number of ways that it can be used in the financial domain. Furthermore, we present the evaluation results to demonstrate the utility of this approach, compared to several important benchmarks, in two real-world financial analytics tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Feb 2022.
Builds on
8 of 28 references.
References · 8
- 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,346
- 2019Financial Time Series Forecasting with Deep Learning : A Systematic Literature Review: 2005-2019cited by 270
- 2016Item2Vec: Neural Item Embedding for Collaborative Filteringcited by 72
- 2016Multi-layer Representation Learning for Medical Conceptscited by 68
- 2018Towards Understanding Linear Word Analogiescited by 57
- 2021Algorithmic Factors Influencing Bias in Machine Learningcited by 9
- 2020Stock2Vec: A Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Stock Market Prediction with Representation Learning and Temporal Convolutional Networkcited by 3
- 2021Measuring Financial Time Series Similarity With a View to Identifying Profitable Stock Market Opportunitiescited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2024Evaluating Financial Relational Graphs: Interpretation Before Predictioncited by 5
- 2023Industry Classification Using a Novel Financial Time-Series Case Representationcited by 0
- 2024Contrastive Learning of Asset Embeddings from Financial Time Seriescited by 0
- 2026Latent-Regime Bias Auditing for Volatility Forecastingcited by 0
- 2026Latent-Regime Bias Auditing for Volatility Forecasting3 Aug 2026
- 2024Evaluating Financial Relational Graphs: Interpretation Before Prediction28 Sep 2024
- 2024Contrastive Learning of Asset Embeddings from Financial Time Series26 Jul 2024
- 2023Industry Classification Using a Novel Financial Time-Series Case Representation29 Apr 2023