Time to Focus: A Comprehensive Benchmark Using Time Series Attribution Methods
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the last decade neural network have made huge impact both in industry and research due to their ability to extract meaningful features from imprecise or complex data, and by achieving super human performance in several domains. However, due to the lack of transparency the use of these networks is hampered in the areas with safety critical areas. In safety-critical areas, this is necessary by law. Recently several methods have been proposed to uncover this black box by providing interpreation of predictions made by these models. The paper focuses on time series analysis and benchmark several state-of-the-art attribution methods which compute explanations for convolutional classifiers. The presented experiments involve gradient-based and perturbation-based attribution methods. A detailed analysis shows that perturbation-based approaches are superior concerning the Sensitivity and occlusion game. These methods tend to produce explanations with higher continuity. Contrarily, the gradient-based techniques are superb in runtime and Infidelity. In addition, a validation the dependence of the methods on the trained model, feasible application domains, and individual characteristics is attached. The findings accentuate that choosing the best-suited attribution method is strongly correlated with the desired use case. Neither category of attribution methods nor a single approach has shown outstanding performance across all aspects.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Feb 2022.
Builds on
18 of 32 references.
References · 18
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6 more
- 2021Sampling Permutations for Shapley Value Estimationcited by 101
- 2021Explaining Time Series Predictions with Dynamic Maskscited by 72
- 2021Robust Explainability: A Tutorial on Gradient-Based Attribution Methods for Deep Neural Networkscited by 48
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
8 papers.
- 2023A Deep Dive into Perturbations as Evaluation Technique for Time Series XAIcited by 11
- 2024Right on Time: Revising Time Series Models by Constraining their Explanationscited by 7
- 2022TimeREISE: Time-series Randomized Evolving Input Sample Explanationcited by 6
- 2025Class-Dependent Perturbation Effects in Evaluating Time Series Attributionscited by 5
- 2023Introducing the Attribution Stability Indicator: a Measure for Time Series XAI Attributionscited by 2
- 2023CGS-Mask: Making Time Series Predictions Intuitive for Allcited by 0
- 2025FREQuency ATTribution: benchmarking frequency-based occlusion for time series datacited by 0
- 2026Attribution and Uncertainty Behavior of Learned Residual Gyro Correction for Gyro-Stellar Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Attribution and Uncertainty Behavior of Learned Residual Gyro Correction for Gyro-Stellar Estimation27 Jul 2026
- 2025FREQuency ATTribution: benchmarking frequency-based occlusion for time series data23 Jun 2025
- 2025Class-Dependent Perturbation Effects in Evaluating Time Series Attributions24 Feb 2025
- 2024Right on Time: Revising Time Series Models by Constraining their Explanations20 Feb 2024
- 2023CGS-Mask: Making Time Series Predictions Intuitive for All15 Dec 2023
- 2023Introducing the Attribution Stability Indicator: a Measure for Time Series XAI Attributions6 Oct 2023
- 2023A Deep Dive into Perturbations as Evaluation Technique for Time Series XAI11 Jul 2023
- 2022TimeREISE: Time-series Randomized Evolving Input Sample Explanation16 Feb 2022