mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Approximating Gradients for Differentiable Quality Diversity in Reinforcement Learning

arXiv 2202.03666 ↗First posted 8 Feb 2022cs.LG cs.AI cs.NEcited by 38

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Abstract (arXiv)

Consider the problem of training robustly capable agents. One approach is to generate a diverse collection of agent polices. Training can then be viewed as a quality diversity (QD) optimization problem, where we search for a collection of performant policies that are diverse with respect to quantified behavior. Recent work shows that differentiable quality diversity (DQD) algorithms greatly accelerate QD optimization when exact gradients are available. However, agent policies typically assume that the environment is not differentiable. To apply DQD algorithms to training agent policies, we must approximate gradients for performance and behavior. We propose two variants of the current state-of-the-art DQD algorithm that compute gradients via approximation methods common in reinforcement learning (RL). We evaluate our approach on four simulated locomotion tasks. One variant achieves results comparable to the current state-of-the-art in combining QD and RL, while the other performs comparably in two locomotion tasks. These results provide insight into the limitations of current DQD algorithms in domains where gradients must be approximated. Source code is available at https://github.com/icaros-usc/dqd-rl

Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Feb 2022.

Builds on

34 of 65 references.

References · 34

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22 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 13; 2024: 9; 2025: 4; 2026: 4.

38 papers.

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  1. 2025Diversity-Aware Policy Optimization for Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 41
  2. 2022Deep Surrogate Assisted Generation of Environmentscited by 40
  3. 2022Discovering Policies with DOMiNO: Diversity Optimization Maintaining Near Optimalitycited by 37
  4. 2023pyribs: A Bare-Bones Python Library for Quality Diversity Optimizationcited by 30
  5. 2024Bridging Evolutionary Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Algorithmscited by 26
  6. 2022Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Annealingcited by 25
  7. 2024Learning to Cooperate with Humans using Generative Agentscited by 24
  8. 2022Combining Evolution and Deep Reinforcement Learning for Policy Search: a Surveycited by 23
  9. 2022Neuroevolution is a Competitive Alternative to Reinforcement Learning for Skill Discoverycited by 23
  10. 2023Proximal Policy Gradient Arborescence for Quality Diversity Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
  11. 2023Generating Behaviorally Diverse Policies with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 19
  12. 2023Diversifying AI: Towards Creative Chess with AlphaZerocited by 15
26 more
  1. 2024Quality-Diversity Actor-Critic: Learning High-Performing and Diverse Behaviors via Value and Successor Features Criticscited by 13
  2. 2022Training Diverse High-Dimensional Controllers by Scaling Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Annealingcited by 10
  3. 2022Benchmarking Quality-Diversity Algorithms on Neuroevolution for Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
  4. 2023Surrogate Assisted Generation of Human-Robot Interaction Scenarioscited by 8
  5. 2022Quality Diversity Evolutionary Learning of Decision Treescited by 7
  6. 2023Understanding the Synergies between Quality-Diversity and Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  7. 2023Synergizing Quality-Diversity with Descriptor-Conditioned Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  8. 2023Evolving Populations of Diverse RL Agents with MAP-Elitescited by 5
  9. 2023Evolving Flying Machines in Minecraft Using Quality Diversitycited by 4
  10. 2024Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning: A Systematic Review and Future Directionscited by 4
  11. 2024Diversifying Policy Behaviors with Extrinsic Behavioral Curiositycited by 4
  12. 2024Imitation from Diverse Behaviors: Wasserstein Quality Diversity Imitation Learning with Single-Step Archive Explorationcited by 4
  13. 2023Don't Bet on Luck Alone: Enhancing Behavioral Reproducibility of Quality-Diversity Solutions in Uncertain Domainscited by 3
  14. 2025Contrastive Learning from Exploratory Actions: Leveraging Natural Interactions for Preference Elicitationcited by 3
  15. 2025AutoQD: Automatic Discovery of Diverse Behaviors with Quality-Diversity Optimizationcited by 3
  16. 2023Improving the Data Efficiency of Multi-Objective Quality-Diversity through Gradient Assistance and Crowding Explorationcited by 2
  17. 2023Enhancing MAP-Elites with Multiple Parallel Evolution Strategiescited by 2
  18. 2023Density Descent for Diversity Optimizationcited by 2
  19. 2026Red-Teaming Vision-Language-Action Models via Quality Diversity Prompt Generation for Robust Robot Policiescited by 2
  20. 2024Quality-Diversity with Limited Resourcescited by 1
  21. 2024Preference-Conditioned Gradient Variations for Multi-Objective Quality-Diversitycited by 1
  22. 2025Algorithmic Prompt Generation for Diverse Human-like Teaming and Communication with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  23. 2026Discount Model Search for Quality Diversity Optimization in High-Dimensional Measure Spacescited by 1
  24. 2024Online Behavior Modification for Expressive User Control of RL-Trained Robotscited by 0
  25. 2026EvoPref: Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization Discovers Diverse LLM Alignments Beyond Gradient Descentcited by 0
  26. 2026Explicit Trajectory Diversity for RL-Based Post-Training of LLM Agentscited by 0