Reinforcement Learning with Feedback from Multiple Humans with Diverse Skills
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
A promising approach to improve the robustness and exploration in Reinforcement Learning is collecting human feedback and that way incorporating prior knowledge of the target environment. It is, however, often too expensive to obtain enough feedback of good quality. To mitigate the issue, we aim to rely on a group of multiple experts (and non-experts) with different skill levels to generate enough feedback. Such feedback can therefore be inconsistent and infrequent. In this paper, we build upon prior work -- Advise, a Bayesian approach attempting to maximise the information gained from human feedback -- extending the algorithm to accept feedback from this larger group of humans, the trainers, while also estimating each trainer's reliability. We show how aggregating feedback from multiple trainers improves the total feedback's accuracy and make the collection process easier in two ways. Firstly, this approach addresses the case of some of the trainers being adversarial. Secondly, having access to the information about each trainer reliability provides a second layer of robustness and offers valuable information for people managing the whole system to improve the overall trust in the system. It offers an actionable tool for improving the feedback collection process or modifying the reward function design if needed. We empirically show that our approach can accurately learn the reliability of each trainer correctly and use it to maximise the information gained from the multiple trainers' feedback, even if some of the sources are adversarial.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 0 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Nov 2021.
Builds on
0 of 12 references.
No references here yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.
6 papers.
- 2023Bridging the Gap: A Survey on Integrating (Human) Feedback for Natural Language Generationcited by 55
- 2024Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback: Whose Culture, Whose Values, Whose Perspectives?cited by 8
- 2024Safe and Robust Reinforcement Learning: Principles and Practicecited by 4
- 2023A Markovian Formalism for Active Queryingcited by 1
- 2025CLEAR: Contrasting Textual Feedback with Experts and Amateurs for Reasoningcited by 0
- 2025A Multifaceted Analysis of Social Biases in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025A Multifaceted Analysis of Social Biases in Large Language Models16 Dec 2025
- 2025CLEAR: Contrasting Textual Feedback with Experts and Amateurs for Reasoning24 Mar 2025
- 2024Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback: Whose Culture, Whose Values, Whose Perspectives?2 Jul 2024
- 2024Safe and Robust Reinforcement Learning: Principles and Practice27 Mar 2024
- 2023A Markovian Formalism for Active Querying13 Jun 2023
- 2023Bridging the Gap: A Survey on Integrating (Human) Feedback for Natural Language Generation1 May 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Reinforcement Learning from Multi-level and Episodic Human Feedback
- 2024Mapping out the Space of Human Feedback for Reinforcement Learning: A Conceptual Framework
- 2024Navigating Noisy Feedback: Enhancing Reinforcement Learning with Error-Prone Language Models
- 2022The Expertise Problem: Learning from Specialized Feedback
- 2023From "Thumbs Up" to "10 out of 10": Reconsidering Scalar Feedback in Interactive Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Capturing Individual Human Preferences with Reward Features
- 2018Reliability and Learnability of Human Bandit Feedback for Sequence-to-Sequence Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Reward Learning from Multiple Feedback Types