Training Cross-Lingual embeddings for Setswana and Sepedi
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Abstract (arXiv)
African languages still lag in the advances of Natural Language Processing techniques, one reason being the lack of representative data, having a technique that can transfer information between languages can help mitigate against the lack of data problem. This paper trains Setswana and Sepedi monolingual word vectors and uses VecMap to create cross-lingual embeddings for Setswana-Sepedi in order to do a cross-lingual transfer. Word embeddings are word vectors that represent words as continuous floating numbers where semantically similar words are mapped to nearby points in n-dimensional space. The idea of word embeddings is based on the distribution hypothesis that states, semantically similar words are distributed in similar contexts (Harris, 1954). Cross-lingual embeddings leverages monolingual embeddings by learning a shared vector space for two separately trained monolingual vectors such that words with similar meaning are represented by similar vectors. In this paper, we investigate cross-lingual embeddings for Setswana-Sepedi monolingual word vector. We use the unsupervised cross lingual embeddings in VecMap to train the Setswana-Sepedi cross-language word embeddings. We evaluate the quality of the Setswana-Sepedi cross-lingual word representation using a semantic evaluation task. For the semantic similarity task, we translated the WordSim and SimLex tasks into Setswana and Sepedi. We release this dataset as part of this work for other researchers. We evaluate the intrinsic quality of the embeddings to determine if there is improvement in the semantic representation of the word embeddings.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Nov 2021.
Builds on
20 of 37 references.
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8 more
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
5 papers.
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- 2023Vulgar Remarks Detection in Chittagonian Dialect of Banglacited by 0
- 2025Language-Independent Sentiment Labelling with Distant Supervision: A Case Study for English, Sepedi and Setswanacited by 0
- 2025Language-Independent Sentiment Labelling with Distant Supervision: A Case Study for English, Sepedi and Setswana25 Nov 2025
- 2024TIGQA:An Expert Annotated Question Answering Dataset in Tigrinya26 Apr 2024
- 2023Vulgar Remarks Detection in Chittagonian Dialect of Bangla29 Aug 2023
- 2023Detection of depression on social networks using transformers and ensembles9 May 2023
- 2023XAI in Computational Linguistics: Understanding Political Leanings in the Slovenian Parliament8 May 2023