Defocus Map Estimation and Deblurring from a Single Dual-Pixel Image
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a method that takes as input a single dual-pixel image, and simultaneously estimates the image's defocus map -- the amount of defocus blur at each pixel -- and recovers an all-in-focus image. Our method is inspired from recent works that leverage the dual-pixel sensors available in many consumer cameras to assist with autofocus, and use them for recovery of defocus maps or all-in-focus images. These prior works have solved the two recovery problems independently of each other, and often require large labeled datasets for supervised training. By contrast, we show that it is beneficial to treat these two closely-connected problems simultaneously. To this end, we set up an optimization problem that, by carefully modeling the optics of dual-pixel images, jointly solves both problems. We use data captured with a consumer smartphone camera to demonstrate that, after a one-time calibration step, our approach improves upon prior works for both defocus map estimation and blur removal, despite being entirely unsupervised.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2021.
Builds on
29 of 96 references.
References · 29
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,484
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17 more
- 2018DF-Net: Unsupervised Joint Learning of Depth and Flow using Cross-Task Consistencycited by 148
- 2020Defocus Deblurring Using Dual-Pixel Datacited by 138
- 2019CAM-Convs: Camera-Aware Multi-Scale Convolutions for Single-View Depthcited by 75
- 2018Synthetic Depth-of-Field with a Single-Camera Mobile Phonecited by 70
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- 2017A Unified Approach of Multi-scale Deep and Hand-crafted Features for Defocus Estimationcited by 25
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
25 papers.
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- 2023DC2: Dual-Camera Defocus Control by Learning to Refocuscited by 12
- 2021Facial Depth and Normal Estimation using Single Dual-Pixel Cameracited by 11
- 2023LDP: Language-driven Dual-Pixel Image Defocus Deblurring Networkcited by 11
- 2023Image Deblurring by Exploring In-depth Properties of Transformercited by 10
- 2022Learning Depth from Focus in the Wildcited by 8
- 2022Dual-Pixel Raindrop Removalcited by 6
- 2022Learning Single Image Defocus Deblurring with Misaligned Training Pairscited by 6
- 2023Learning Lens Blur Fieldscited by 6
- 2024Passive Snapshot Coded Aperture Dual-Pixel RGB-D Imagingcited by 6
- 2023Point-and-Shoot All-in-Focus Photo Synthesis from Smartphone Camera Paircited by 4
- 2025Efficient Depth- and Spatially-Varying Image Simulation for Defocus Deblurcited by 4
- 2023Continuous Cost Aggregation for Dual-Pixel Disparity Extractioncited by 3
13 more
- 2024Efficient Hybrid Zoom using Camera Fusion on Mobile Phonescited by 3
- 2025Repurposing Marigold for Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Defocus Blur Cuescited by 3
- 2022Learnable Blur Kernel for Single-Image Defocus Deblurring in the Wildcited by 1
- 2024Disparity Estimation Using a Quad-Pixel Sensorcited by 1
- 2025Simulating Dual-Pixel Images From Ray Tracing For Depth Estimationcited by 1
- 2025Fine-grained Defocus Blur Control for Generative Image Modelscited by 1
- 2025Learning to Refocus with Video Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2022Point Spread Function Estimation of Defocuscited by 0
- 2024Stereo-Knowledge Distillation from dpMV to Dual Pixels for Light Field Video Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2024Revisiting Disparity from Dual-Pixel Images: Physics-Informed Lightweight Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Freq-DP Net: A Dual-Branch Network for Fence Removal using Dual-Pixel and Fourier Priorscited by 0
- 2026DP-SfM: Dual-Pixel Structure-from-Motion without Scale Ambiguitycited by 0
- 2026FoundDP: Revisiting Weak Disparity Observability in Dual-Pixel Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2026FoundDP: Revisiting Weak Disparity Observability in Dual-Pixel Depth Estimation2 Jul 2026
- 2026DP-SfM: Dual-Pixel Structure-from-Motion without Scale Ambiguity3 May 2026
- 2026Freq-DP Net: A Dual-Branch Network for Fence Removal using Dual-Pixel and Fourier Priors15 Feb 2026
- 2025Learning to Refocus with Video Diffusion Models22 Dec 2025
- 2025Fine-grained Defocus Blur Control for Generative Image Models7 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient Depth- and Spatially-Varying Image Simulation for Defocus Deblur1 Jul 2025
- 2025Repurposing Marigold for Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Defocus Blur Cues23 May 2025
- 2025Simulating Dual-Pixel Images From Ray Tracing For Depth Estimation14 Mar 2025
- 2024Revisiting Disparity from Dual-Pixel Images: Physics-Informed Lightweight Depth Estimation6 Nov 2024
- 2024Disparity Estimation Using a Quad-Pixel Sensor1 Sep 2024
- 2024Stereo-Knowledge Distillation from dpMV to Dual Pixels for Light Field Video Reconstruction20 May 2024
- 2024Passive Snapshot Coded Aperture Dual-Pixel RGB-D Imaging28 Feb 2024
13 more
- 2024Efficient Hybrid Zoom using Camera Fusion on Mobile Phones2 Jan 2024
- 2023Learning Lens Blur Fields17 Oct 2023
- 2023LDP: Language-driven Dual-Pixel Image Defocus Deblurring Network19 Jul 2023
- 2023Continuous Cost Aggregation for Dual-Pixel Disparity Extraction13 Jun 2023
- 2023Point-and-Shoot All-in-Focus Photo Synthesis from Smartphone Camera Pair11 Apr 2023
- 2023DC2: Dual-Camera Defocus Control by Learning to Refocus6 Apr 2023
- 2023Image Deblurring by Exploring In-depth Properties of Transformer24 Mar 2023
- 2022Learning Single Image Defocus Deblurring with Misaligned Training Pairs26 Nov 2022
- 2022Learnable Blur Kernel for Single-Image Defocus Deblurring in the Wild25 Nov 2022
- 2022Dual-Pixel Raindrop Removal24 Oct 2022
- 2022Learning Depth from Focus in the Wild20 Jul 2022
- 2022Point Spread Function Estimation of Defocus6 Mar 2022
- 2021Facial Depth and Normal Estimation using Single Dual-Pixel Camera25 Nov 2021
- 2025Fine-grained Defocus Blur Control for Generative Image Modelscited by 1
- 2025Learning to Refocus with Video Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2025Learning to Refocus with Video Diffusion Models22 Dec 2025
- 2025Fine-grained Defocus Blur Control for Generative Image Models7 Oct 2025
- 2023DC2: Dual-Camera Defocus Control by Learning to Refocuscited by 12
- 2021Facial Depth and Normal Estimation using Single Dual-Pixel Cameracited by 11
- 2023LDP: Language-driven Dual-Pixel Image Defocus Deblurring Networkcited by 11
- 2023Image Deblurring by Exploring In-depth Properties of Transformercited by 10
- 2022Learning Depth from Focus in the Wildcited by 8
- 2022Dual-Pixel Raindrop Removalcited by 6
- 2022Learning Single Image Defocus Deblurring with Misaligned Training Pairscited by 6
- 2023Learning Lens Blur Fieldscited by 6
- 2024Passive Snapshot Coded Aperture Dual-Pixel RGB-D Imagingcited by 6
- 2023Point-and-Shoot All-in-Focus Photo Synthesis from Smartphone Camera Paircited by 4
- 2025Efficient Depth- and Spatially-Varying Image Simulation for Defocus Deblurcited by 4
- 2023Continuous Cost Aggregation for Dual-Pixel Disparity Extractioncited by 3
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026FoundDP: Revisiting Weak Disparity Observability in Dual-Pixel Depth Estimation2 Jul 2026
- 2026DP-SfM: Dual-Pixel Structure-from-Motion without Scale Ambiguity3 May 2026
- 2026Freq-DP Net: A Dual-Branch Network for Fence Removal using Dual-Pixel and Fourier Priors15 Feb 2026
- 2025Efficient Depth- and Spatially-Varying Image Simulation for Defocus Deblur1 Jul 2025
- 2025Repurposing Marigold for Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Defocus Blur Cues23 May 2025
- 2025Simulating Dual-Pixel Images From Ray Tracing For Depth Estimation14 Mar 2025
- 2024Revisiting Disparity from Dual-Pixel Images: Physics-Informed Lightweight Depth Estimation6 Nov 2024
- 2024Disparity Estimation Using a Quad-Pixel Sensor1 Sep 2024
- 2024Stereo-Knowledge Distillation from dpMV to Dual Pixels for Light Field Video Reconstruction20 May 2024
- 2024Passive Snapshot Coded Aperture Dual-Pixel RGB-D Imaging28 Feb 2024
- 2024Efficient Hybrid Zoom using Camera Fusion on Mobile Phones2 Jan 2024
- 2023Learning Lens Blur Fields17 Oct 2023
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)