EfficientPhys: Enabling Simple, Fast and Accurate Camera-Based Vitals Measurement
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Camera-based physiological measurement is a growing field with neural models providing state-the-art-performance. Prior research have explored various "end-to-end" models; however these methods still require several preprocessing steps. These additional operations are often non-trivial to implement making replication and deployment difficult and can even have a higher computational budget than the "core" network itself. In this paper, we propose two novel and efficient neural models for camera-based physiological measurement called EfficientPhys that remove the need for face detection, segmentation, normalization, color space transformation or any other preprocessing steps. Using an input of raw video frames, our models achieve strong performance on three public datasets. We show that this is the case whether using a transformer or convolutional backbone. We further evaluate the latency of the proposed networks and show that our most light weight network also achieves a 33% improvement in efficiency.
Key facts. Cited by 71 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2021.
Builds on
14 of 43 references.
References · 14
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2021ViViT: A Video Vision Transformercited by 1,610
- 2021Video Swin Transformercited by 1,090
- 2018TSM: Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 852
- 2018DeepPhys: Video-Based Physiological Measurement Using Convolutional Attention Networkscited by 153
- 2020Multi-Task Temporal Shift Attention Networks for On-Device Contactless Vitals Measurementcited by 133
- 2019Remote Photoplethysmograph Signal Measurement from Facial Videos Using Spatio-Temporal Networkscited by 126
- 2020Video-based Remote Physiological Measurement via Cross-verified Feature Disentanglingcited by 78
- 2020DeepRhythm: Exposing DeepFakes with Attentional Visual Heartbeat Rhythmscited by 65
- 2020PulseGAN: Learning to generate realistic pulse waveforms in remote photoplethysmographycited by 59
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 8; 2024: 22; 2025: 19; 2026: 20.
71 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022rPPG-Toolbox: Deep Remote PPG Toolboxcited by 63
- 2023PhysFormer++: Facial Video-based Physiological Measurement with SlowFast Temporal Difference Transformercited by 46
- 2024RhythmFormer: Extracting Patterned rPPG Signals based on Periodic Sparse Attentioncited by 28
- 2024RhythmMamba: Fast, Lightweight, and Accurate Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 20
- 2024Spiking-PhysFormer: Camera-Based Remote Photoplethysmography with Parallel Spike-driven Transformercited by 19
- 2024PhysMamba: Efficient Remote Physiological Measurement with SlowFast Temporal Difference Mambacited by 14
- 2023BigSmall: Efficient Multi-Task Learning for Disparate Spatial and Temporal Physiological Measurementscited by 13
- 2024Advancing Generalizable Remote Physiological Measurement through the Integration of Explicit and Implicit Prior Knowledgecited by 13
- 2024FactorizePhys: Matrix Factorization for Multidimensional Attention in Remote Physiological Sensingcited by 13
- 2023Motion Matters: Neural Motion Transfer for Better Camera Physiological Measurementcited by 11
- 2025PHASE-Net: Physics-Grounded Harmonic Attention System for Efficient Remote Photoplethysmography Measurementcited by 10
- 2023Camera-Based HRV Prediction for Remote Learning Environmentscited by 9
38 more
- 2024PhysMLE: Generalizable and Priors-Inclusive Multi-task Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 9
- 2025CardiacMamba: A Multimodal RGB-RF Fusion Framework with State Space Models for Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 8
- 2024Orientation-conditioned Facial Texture Mapping for Video-based Facial Remote Photoplethysmography Estimationcited by 6
- 2025Remote Photoplethysmography in Real-World and Extreme Lighting Scenarioscited by 6
- 2025PhysDrive: A Multimodal Remote Physiological Measurement Dataset for In-vehicle Driver Monitoringcited by 6
- 2023Full-Body Cardiovascular Sensing with Remote Photoplethysmographycited by 5
- 2023CalibrationPhys: Self-supervised Video-based Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements by Calibrating Between Multiple Camerascited by 5
- 2024SleepVST: Sleep Staging from Near-Infrared Video Signals using Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 4
- 2024SFDA-rPPG: Source-Free Domain Adaptive Remote Physiological Measurement with Spatio-Temporal Consistencycited by 4
- 2025Align the GAP: Prior-based Unified Multi-Task Remote Physiological Measurement Framework For Domain Generalization and Personalizationcited by 4
- 2024PhySU-Net: Long Temporal Context Transformer for rPPG with Self-Supervised Pre-trainingcited by 3
- 2024Toward Motion Robustness: A masked attention regularization framework in remote photoplethysmographycited by 3
- 2024PhysFlow: Skin tone transfer for remote heart rate estimation through conditional normalizing flowscited by 3
- 2025Reperio-rPPG: Relational Temporal Graph Neural Networks for Periodicity Learning in Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 3
- 2026FreqPhys: Repurposing Implicit Physiological Frequency Prior for Robust Remote Photoplethysmographycited by 3
- 2023Automatic Infant Respiration Estimation from Video: A Deep Flow-based Algorithm and a Novel Public Benchmarkcited by 2
- 2024Deep adaptative spectral zoom for improved remote heart rate estimationcited by 2
- 2024Continual Learning for Remote Physiological Measurement: Minimize Forgetting and Simplify Inferencecited by 2
- 2024PhysMamba: State Space Duality Model for Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 2
- 2024UbiHR: Resource-efficient Long-range Heart Rate Sensing on Ubiquitous Devicescited by 2
- 2025Recovering Pulse Waves from Video Using Deep Unrolling and Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 2
- 2025BeatFormer: Efficient motion-robust remote heart rate estimation through unsupervised spectral zoomed attention filterscited by 2
- 2026PhysNeXt: Next-Generation Dual-Branch Structured Attention Fusion Network for Remote Photoplethysmography Measurementcited by 2
- 2024Joint Spatial-Temporal Modeling and Contrastive Learning for Self-supervised Heart Rate Measurementcited by 1
- 2024MHAD: Multimodal Home Activity Dataset with Multi-Angle Videos and Synchronized Physiological Signalscited by 1
- 2025Passive Heart Rate Monitoring During Smartphone Use in Everyday Lifecited by 1
- 2025Periodic-MAE: Periodic Video Masked Autoencoder for rPPG Estimationcited by 1
- 2025Robust and Generalizable Heart Rate Estimation via Deep Learning for Remote Photoplethysmography in Complex Scenarioscited by 1
- 2025SkinMap: Weighted Full-Body Skin Segmentation for Robust Remote Photoplethysmographycited by 1
- 2025Overcoming Small Data Limitations in Video-Based Infant Respiration Estimationcited by 1
- 2026ToTMNet: FFT-Accelerated Toeplitz Temporal Mixing Network for Lightweight Remote Photoplethysmographycited by 1
- 2026HOT: Harmonic-Constrained Optimal Transport for Remote Photoplethysmography Domain Adaptationcited by 1
- 2026PhysFlow: Frequency Decoupled with Dual-Field Rectified Flow for Remote Photoplethysmographycited by 1
- 2026Rhythm-Structured Predictive Learning for Remote Photoplethysmographycited by 1
- 2022Real-Time Monitoring of User Stress, Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability on Mobile Devicescited by 0
- 2023Training Robust Deep Physiological Measurement Models with Synthetic Video-based Datacited by 0
- 2024rFaceNet: An End-to-End Network for Enhanced Physiological Signal Extraction through Identity-Specific Facial Contourscited by 0
- 2024GVT2RPM: An Empirical Study for General Video Transformer Adaptation to Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 0
50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026FLOW: Feature-Level Optimal Warping for Generalized Remote Physiological Measurement30 Sep 2026
- 2026Pixel-wise Exposure for Highly Robust In-Vehicle Remote-PPG29 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysVR: Vision-Language Model Guided Interference-aware Temporal Feature Refinement for Remote Physiological Measurement30 Aug 2026
- 2026CardiacMamba: Fair and Robust RGB-RF Fusion for Remote Heart Rate Estimation via State Space Modeling16 Aug 2026
- 2026Rhythm-Structured Predictive Learning for Remote Photoplethysmography30 Jun 2026
- 2026PhysFlow: Frequency Decoupled with Dual-Field Rectified Flow for Remote Photoplethysmography22 Jun 2026
- 2026StreamPPG: Low-Latency rPPG Estimation via Consistent Privileged Learning22 Jun 2026
- 2026MS-rPPG: Multi-spectral State Space Model for Remote Photoplethysmography in Driver Monitoring Systems19 Jun 2026
- 2026Explaining RhythmFormer: A Systematic XAI Analysis of Periodic Sparse Attention for Remote Photoplethysmography11 Jun 2026
- 2026FCUS-rPPG: A Fast-Converging Unsupervised Framework for Remote Photoplethysmography via Gradient Oscillation Suppression2 Jun 2026
- 2026LQ-rPPG: A Label-Quantized Coarse-to-Fine Learning Framework for Remote Physiological Measurement22 May 2026
- 2026Video-based Heart Rate Estimation with Angle-guided ROI Optimization and Graph Signal Denoising13 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026Uncertainty-quantified Pulse Signal Recovery from Facial Video using Regularized Stochastic Interpolants12 Apr 2026
- 2026BTS-rPPG: Orthogonal Butterfly Temporal Shifting for Remote Photoplethysmography2 Apr 2026
- 2026HOT: Harmonic-Constrained Optimal Transport for Remote Photoplethysmography Domain Adaptation2 Apr 2026
- 2026FreqPhys: Repurposing Implicit Physiological Frequency Prior for Robust Remote Photoplethysmography1 Apr 2026
- 2026PhysNeXt: Next-Generation Dual-Branch Structured Attention Fusion Network for Remote Photoplethysmography Measurement20 Mar 2026
- 2026VideoPulse: Neonatal heart rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) estimation from contact free video27 Feb 2026
- 2026Facial Spatiotemporal Graphs: Leveraging the 3D Facial Surface for Remote Physiological Measurement20 Jan 2026
- 2026ToTMNet: FFT-Accelerated Toeplitz Temporal Mixing Network for Lightweight Remote Photoplethysmography7 Jan 2026
- 2025Overcoming Small Data Limitations in Video-Based Infant Respiration Estimation7 Dec 2025
- 2025Adaptive Parameter Optimization for Robust Remote Photoplethysmography26 Nov 2025
- 2025Reperio-rPPG: Relational Temporal Graph Neural Networks for Periodicity Learning in Remote Physiological Measurement8 Nov 2025
- 2025VitalLens 2.0: High-Fidelity rPPG for Heart Rate Variability Estimation from Face Video30 Oct 2025
- 2025SkinMap: Weighted Full-Body Skin Segmentation for Robust Remote Photoplethysmography6 Oct 2025
- 2025PHASE-Net: Physics-Grounded Harmonic Attention System for Efficient Remote Photoplethysmography Measurement29 Sep 2025
- 2025PhysDrive: A Multimodal Remote Physiological Measurement Dataset for In-vehicle Driver Monitoring25 Jul 2025
- 2025BeatFormer: Efficient motion-robust remote heart rate estimation through unsupervised spectral zoomed attention filters20 Jul 2025
- 2025Robust and Generalizable Heart Rate Estimation via Deep Learning for Remote Photoplethysmography in Complex Scenarios10 Jul 2025
- 2025CAST-Phys: Contactless Affective States Through Physiological signals Database8 Jul 2025
- 2025Exploring Remote Physiological Signal Measurement under Dynamic Lighting Conditions at Night: Dataset, Experiment, and Analysis6 Jul 2025
- 2025Periodic-MAE: Periodic Video Masked Autoencoder for rPPG Estimation27 Jun 2025
- 2025Align the GAP: Prior-based Unified Multi-Task Remote Physiological Measurement Framework For Domain Generalization and Personalization19 Jun 2025
- 2025Efficient and Robust Multidimensional Attention in Remote Physiological Sensing through Target Signal Constrained Factorization11 May 2025
- 2025Time-Series U-Net with Recurrence for Noise-Robust Imaging Photoplethysmography21 Mar 2025
- 2025Recovering Pulse Waves from Video Using Deep Unrolling and Deep Equilibrium Models21 Mar 2025
- 2025Remote Photoplethysmography in Real-World and Extreme Lighting Scenarios14 Mar 2025
- 2025Passive Heart Rate Monitoring During Smartphone Use in Everyday Life4 Mar 2025
- 2025CardiacMamba: A Multimodal RGB-RF Fusion Framework with State Space Models for Remote Physiological Measurement19 Feb 2025
- 2024FactorizePhys: Matrix Factorization for Multidimensional Attention in Remote Physiological Sensing3 Nov 2024
- 2024UbiHR: Resource-efficient Long-range Heart Rate Sensing on Ubiquitous Devices25 Oct 2024
- 2024SFDA-rPPG: Source-Free Domain Adaptive Remote Physiological Measurement with Spatio-Temporal Consistency18 Sep 2024
- 2024PhysMamba: Efficient Remote Physiological Measurement with SlowFast Temporal Difference Mamba18 Sep 2024
- 2024MHAD: Multimodal Home Activity Dataset with Multi-Angle Videos and Synchronized Physiological Signals14 Sep 2024
- 2024PhysMamba: State Space Duality Model for Remote Physiological Measurement2 Aug 2024
- 2024PhysFlow: Skin tone transfer for remote heart rate estimation through conditional normalizing flows31 Jul 2024
- 2024Continual Learning for Remote Physiological Measurement: Minimize Forgetting and Simplify Inference19 Jul 2024
- 2024Thermal Imaging and Radar for Remote Sleep Monitoring of Breathing and Apnea16 Jul 2024
- 2024Toward Motion Robustness: A masked attention regularization framework in remote photoplethysmography9 Jul 2024
- 2024GVT2RPM: An Empirical Study for General Video Transformer Adaptation to Remote Physiological Measurement19 Jun 2024
50 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2022rPPG-Toolbox: Deep Remote PPG Toolboxcited by 63
- 2023PhysFormer++: Facial Video-based Physiological Measurement with SlowFast Temporal Difference Transformercited by 46
- 2024RhythmFormer: Extracting Patterned rPPG Signals based on Periodic Sparse Attentioncited by 28
- 2024RhythmMamba: Fast, Lightweight, and Accurate Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 20
- 2024Spiking-PhysFormer: Camera-Based Remote Photoplethysmography with Parallel Spike-driven Transformercited by 19
- 2023BigSmall: Efficient Multi-Task Learning for Disparate Spatial and Temporal Physiological Measurementscited by 13
- 2024Advancing Generalizable Remote Physiological Measurement through the Integration of Explicit and Implicit Prior Knowledgecited by 13
- 2024FactorizePhys: Matrix Factorization for Multidimensional Attention in Remote Physiological Sensingcited by 13
- 2023Motion Matters: Neural Motion Transfer for Better Camera Physiological Measurementcited by 11
- 2025PHASE-Net: Physics-Grounded Harmonic Attention System for Efficient Remote Photoplethysmography Measurementcited by 10
- 2023Camera-Based HRV Prediction for Remote Learning Environmentscited by 9
- 2024PhysMLE: Generalizable and Priors-Inclusive Multi-task Remote Physiological Measurementcited by 9
12 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)
- 2026FLOW: Feature-Level Optimal Warping for Generalized Remote Physiological Measurement30 Sep 2026
- 2026Pixel-wise Exposure for Highly Robust In-Vehicle Remote-PPG29 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysVR: Vision-Language Model Guided Interference-aware Temporal Feature Refinement for Remote Physiological Measurement30 Aug 2026
- 2026CardiacMamba: Fair and Robust RGB-RF Fusion for Remote Heart Rate Estimation via State Space Modeling16 Aug 2026
- 2026PhysFlow: Frequency Decoupled with Dual-Field Rectified Flow for Remote Photoplethysmography22 Jun 2026
- 2026StreamPPG: Low-Latency rPPG Estimation via Consistent Privileged Learning22 Jun 2026
- 2026MS-rPPG: Multi-spectral State Space Model for Remote Photoplethysmography in Driver Monitoring Systems19 Jun 2026
- 2026Explaining RhythmFormer: A Systematic XAI Analysis of Periodic Sparse Attention for Remote Photoplethysmography11 Jun 2026
- 2026FCUS-rPPG: A Fast-Converging Unsupervised Framework for Remote Photoplethysmography via Gradient Oscillation Suppression2 Jun 2026
- 2026LQ-rPPG: A Label-Quantized Coarse-to-Fine Learning Framework for Remote Physiological Measurement22 May 2026
- 2026Video-based Heart Rate Estimation with Angle-guided ROI Optimization and Graph Signal Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-quantified Pulse Signal Recovery from Facial Video using Regularized Stochastic Interpolants12 Apr 2026
12 newest of 69 All 69 (JSON)