mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Automated Mining of Leaderboards for Empirical AI Research

arXiv 2109.13089 ↗First posted 31 Aug 2021cs.CL cs.AI cs.DLcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

With the rapid growth of research publications, empowering scientists to keep oversight over the scientific progress is of paramount importance. In this regard, the Leaderboards facet of information organization provides an overview on the state-of-the-art by aggregating empirical results from various studies addressing the same research challenge. Crowdsourcing efforts like PapersWithCode among others are devoted to the construction of Leaderboards predominantly for various subdomains in Artificial Intelligence. Leaderboards provide machine-readable scholarly knowledge that has proven to be directly useful for scientists to keep track of research progress. The construction of Leaderboards could be greatly expedited with automated text mining. This study presents a comprehensive approach for generating Leaderboards for knowledge-graph-based scholarly information organization. Specifically, we investigate the problem of automated Leaderboard construction using state-of-the-art transformer models, viz. Bert, SciBert, and XLNet. Our analysis reveals an optimal approach that significantly outperforms existing baselines for the task with evaluation scores above 90% in F1. This, in turn, offers new state-of-the-art results for Leaderboard extraction. As a result, a vast share of empirical AI research can be organized in the next-generation digital libraries as knowledge graphs.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2021.

Builds on

24 of 45 references.

References · 24

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2019XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understandingcited by 2,801
  4. 2019Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Contextcited by 1,830
  5. 2019SciBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Scientific Textcited by 1,404
  6. 2020TAPAS: Weakly Supervised Table Parsing via Pre-trainingcited by 432
  7. 2018Multi-Task Identification of Entities, Relations, and Coreference for Scientific Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 321
  8. 2020SciREX: A Challenge Dataset for Document-Level Information Extractioncited by 111
  9. 2017SemEval 2017 Task 10: ScienceIE - Extracting Keyphrases and Relations from Scientific Publicationscited by 101
  10. 2019Identification of Tasks, Datasets, Evaluation Metrics, and Numeric Scores for Scientific Leaderboards Constructioncited by 50
  11. 2019The Materials Science Procedural Text Corpus: Annotating Materials Synthesis Procedures with Shallow Semantic Structurescited by 48
  12. 2020AxCell: Automatic Extraction of Results from Machine Learning Paperscited by 48
12 more
  1. 2021TDMSci: A Specialized Corpus for Scientific Literature Entity Tagging of Tasks Datasets and Metricscited by 29
  2. 2018An Annotated Corpus for Machine Reading of Instructions in Wet Lab Protocolscited by 18
  3. 2021SemEval-2021 Task 11: NLPContributionGraph -- Structuring Scholarly NLP Contributions for a Research Knowledge Graphcited by 16
  4. 2020Annotating and Extracting Synthesis Process of All-Solid-State Batteries from Scientific Literaturecited by 15
  5. 2020Domain-independent Extraction of Scientific Concepts from Research Articlescited by 11
  6. 2020The STEM-ECR Dataset: Grounding Scientific Entity References in STEM Scholarly Content to Authoritative Encyclopedic and Lexicographic Sourcescited by 9
  7. 2018TabVec: Table Vectors for Classification of Web Tablescited by 8
  8. 2019A framework for information extraction from tables in biomedical literaturecited by 4
  9. 2020Improving Scholarly Knowledge Representation: Evaluating BERT-based Models for Scientific Relation Classificationcited by 4
  10. 2020Representing Semantified Biological Assays in the Open Research Knowledge Graphcited by 3
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  12. 2020Sentence, Phrase, and Triple Annotations to Build a Knowledge Graph of Natural Language Processing Contributions -- A Trial Datasetcited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 5; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

16 papers.

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  1. 2023GSAP-NER: A Novel Task, Corpus, and Baseline for Scholarly Entity Extraction Focused on Machine Learning Models and Datasetscited by 12
  2. 2024Large Language Models for Scientific Information Extraction: An Empirical Study for Virologycited by 12
  3. 2023ORKG-Leaderboards: A Systematic Workflow for Mining Leaderboards as a Knowledge Graphcited by 11
  4. 2024Efficient Performance Tracking: Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Construction of Scientific Leaderboardscited by 10
  5. 2022Computer Science Named Entity Recognition in the Open Research Knowledge Graphcited by 9
  6. 2023Zero-shot Entailment of Leaderboards for Empirical AI Researchcited by 6
  7. 2024Effective Context Selection in LLM-based Leaderboard Generation: An Empirical Studycited by 6
  8. 2024On the Workflows and Smells of Leaderboard Operations (LBOps): An Exploratory Study of Foundation Model Leaderboardscited by 6
  9. 2025Mining for Species, Locations, Habitats, and Ecosystems from Scientific Papers in Invasion Biology: A Large-Scale Exploratory Study with Large Language Modelscited by 4
  10. 2025A Position Paper on the Automatic Generation of Machine Learning Leaderboardscited by 3
  11. 2023All Data on the Table: Novel Dataset and Benchmark for Cross-Modality Scientific Information Extractioncited by 2
  12. 2024LEGOBench: Scientific Leaderboard Generation Benchmarkcited by 2
4 more
  1. 2022Clustering Semantic Predicates in the Open Research Knowledge Graphcited by 1
  2. 2022Overview of STEM Science as Process, Method, Material, and Data Named Entitiescited by 0
  3. 2023Enhancing AI Research Paper Analysis: Methodology Component Extraction using Factored Transformer-based Sequence Modeling Approachcited by 0
  4. 2026MetaLead: A Comprehensive Human-Curated Leaderboard Dataset for Transparent Reporting of Machine Learning Experimentscited by 0