Weakly Supervised Explainable Phrasal Reasoning with Neural Fuzzy Logic
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Natural language inference (NLI) aims to determine the logical relationship between two sentences, such as Entailment, Contradiction, and Neutral. In recent years, deep learning models have become a prevailing approach to NLI, but they lack interpretability and explainability. In this work, we address the explainability of NLI by weakly supervised logical reasoning, and propose an Explainable Phrasal Reasoning (EPR) approach. Our model first detects phrases as the semantic unit and aligns corresponding phrases in the two sentences. Then, the model predicts the NLI label for the aligned phrases, and induces the sentence label by fuzzy logic formulas. Our EPR is almost everywhere differentiable and thus the system can be trained end to end. In this way, we are able to provide explicit explanations of phrasal logical relationships in a weakly supervised manner. We further show that such reasoning results help textual explanation generation.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2021.
Builds on
40 of 66 references.
References · 40
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,899
- 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,824
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
- 2017A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inferencecited by 2,682
- 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,847
- 2018A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scorescited by 1,799
- 2019Text Summarization with Pretrained Encoderscited by 556
28 more
- 2018e-SNLI: Natural Language Inference with Natural Language Explanationscited by 468
- 2020Fine-Tuning Pretrained Language Models: Weight Initializations, Data Orders, and Early Stoppingcited by 384
- 2019The Neuro-Symbolic Concept Learner: Interpreting Scenes, Words, and Sentences From Natural Supervisioncited by 372
- 2018AllenNLP: A Deep Semantic Natural Language Processing Platformcited by 347
- 2018Neural-Symbolic VQA: Disentangling Reasoning from Vision and Language Understandingcited by 304
- 2016Rationalizing Neural Predictionscited by 281
- 2017DeepPath: A Reinforcement Learning Method for Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 266
- 2016A Decomposable Attention Model for Natural Language Inferencecited by 215
- 2016Enhanced LSTM for Natural Language Inferencecited by 200
- 2020WT5?! Training Text-to-Text Models to Explain their Predictionscited by 148
- 2019Neural Logic Machinescited by 145
- 2019Semantics-aware BERT for Language Understandingcited by 112
- 2016Neural Symbolic Machines: Learning Semantic Parsers on Freebase with Weak Supervisioncited by 103
- 2020NILE : Natural Language Inference with Faithful Natural Language Explanationscited by 96
- 2015Learning Natural Language Inference with LSTMcited by 51
- 2019Can neural networks understand monotonicity reasoning?cited by 45
- 2015Natural Language Inference by Tree-Based Convolution and Heuristic Matchingcited by 43
- 2019HELP: A Dataset for Identifying Shortcomings of Neural Models in Monotonicity Reasoningcited by 35
- 2021NeuralLog: Natural Language Inference with Joint Neural and Logical Reasoningcited by 25
- 2020LIREx: Augmenting Language Inference with Relevant Explanationcited by 24
- 2019MonaLog: a Lightweight System for Natural Language Inference Based on Monotonicitycited by 21
- 2020Exploring End-to-End Differentiable Natural Logic Modelingcited by 10
- 2016Coupling Distributed and Symbolic Execution for Natural Language Queriescited by 9
- 2018Dynamic Self-Attention : Computing Attention over Words Dynamically for Sentence Embeddingcited by 8
- 2015Representing Meaning with a Combination of Logical and Distributional Modelscited by 7
- 2019An Imitation Learning Approach to Unsupervised Parsingcited by 7
- 2018JUMPER: Learning When to Make Classification Decisions in Readingcited by 6
- 2017Object-oriented Neural Programming (OONP) for Document Understandingcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2022Logical Reasoning with Span-Level Predictions for Interpretable and Robust NLI Modelscited by 18
- 2023Atomic Inference for NLI with Generated Facts as Atomscited by 18
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Self-Interpretable Neural Networkscited by 18
- 2022Neuro-symbolic Natural Logic with Introspective Revision for Natural Language Inferencecited by 9
- 2023Ensemble Distillation for Unsupervised Constituency Parsingcited by 6
- 2024Logic Rules as Explanations for Legal Case Retrievalcited by 5
- 2023Weakly Supervised Reasoning by Neuro-Symbolic Approachescited by 3
- 2023The Emergence of Chunking Structures with Hierarchical RNNcited by 2
- 2024Explainable Interface for Human-Autonomy Teaming: A Surveycited by 2
- 2026Learning Proposition-Level Links from Sentence-Level Supervision for Neuro-Symbolic NLIcited by 0
- 2026Learning Proposition-Level Links from Sentence-Level Supervision for Neuro-Symbolic NLI10 Oct 2026
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Self-Interpretable Neural Networks26 Jan 2025
- 2024Explainable Interface for Human-Autonomy Teaming: A Survey4 May 2024
- 2024Logic Rules as Explanations for Legal Case Retrieval3 Mar 2024
- 2023Ensemble Distillation for Unsupervised Constituency Parsing3 Oct 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Reasoning by Neuro-Symbolic Approaches19 Sep 2023
- 2023The Emergence of Chunking Structures with Hierarchical RNN10 Sep 2023
- 2023Atomic Inference for NLI with Generated Facts as Atoms22 May 2023
- 2022Logical Reasoning with Span-Level Predictions for Interpretable and Robust NLI Models23 May 2022
- 2022Neuro-symbolic Natural Logic with Introspective Revision for Natural Language Inference9 Mar 2022