Cross DQN: Cross Deep Q Network for Ads Allocation in Feed
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
E-commerce platforms usually display a mixed list of ads and organic items in feed. One key problem is to allocate the limited slots in the feed to maximize the overall revenue as well as improve user experience, which requires a good model for user preference. Instead of modeling the influence of individual items on user behaviors, the arrangement signal models the influence of the arrangement of items and may lead to a better allocation strategy. However, most of previous strategies fail to model such a signal and therefore result in suboptimal performance. In addition, the percentage of ads exposed (PAE) is an important indicator in ads allocation. Excessive PAE hurts user experience while too low PAE reduces platform revenue. Therefore, how to constrain the PAE within a certain range while keeping personalized recommendation under the PAE constraint is a challenge. In this paper, we propose Cross Deep Q Network (Cross DQN) to extract the crucial arrangement signal by crossing the embeddings of different items and modeling the crossed sequence by multi-channel attention. Besides, we propose an auxiliary loss for batch-level constraint on PAE to tackle the above-mentioned challenge. Our model results in higher revenue and better user experience than state-of-the-art baselines in offline experiments. Moreover, our model demonstrates a significant improvement in the online A/B test and has been fully deployed on Meituan feed to serve more than 300 millions of customers.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2021.
Builds on
12 of 27 references.
References · 12
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2015Dueling Network Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 785
- 2017Deep Interest Network for Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 544
- 2019DEAR: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Online Advertising Impression in Recommender Systemscited by 44
- 2020MiNet: Mixed Interest Network for Cross-Domain Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 30
- 2020Jointly Learning to Recommend and Advertisecited by 27
- 2018Learning to Collaborate: Multi-Scenario Ranking via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 23
- 2021Revisit Recommender System in the Permutation Prospectivecited by 16
- 2021GRN: Generative Rerank Network for Context-wise Recommendationcited by 13
- 2020Generator and Critic: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Slate Re-ranking in E-commercecited by 7
- 2021Blending Advertising with Organic Content in E-Commerce: A Virtual Bids Optimization Approachcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
19 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Deep Page-Level Interest Network in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocationcited by 8
- 2023PIER: Permutation-Level Interest-Based End-to-End Re-ranking Framework in E-commercecited by 8
- 2022Hierarchically Constrained Adaptive Ad Exposure in Feedscited by 6
- 2024Deep Automated Mechanism Design for Integrating Ad Auction and Allocation in Feedcited by 6
- 2022Hybrid Transfer in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocationcited by 5
- 2022NMA: Neural Multi-slot Auctions with Externalities for Online Advertisingcited by 4
- 2022TD3 with Reverse KL Regularizer for Offline Reinforcement Learning from Mixed Datasetscited by 4
- 2023HiBid: A Cross-Channel Constrained Bidding System with Budget Allocation by Hierarchical Offline Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2022Learning List-wise Representation in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation with Multiple Auxiliary Taskscited by 3
- 2023RL-MPCA: A Reinforcement Learning Based Multi-Phase Computation Allocation Approach for Recommender Systemscited by 3
- 2024Ads Supply Personalization via Doubly Robust Learningcited by 2
- 2025Session-Level Dynamic Ad Load Optimization using Offline Robust Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
7 more
- 2025Multi-task Offline Reinforcement Learning for Online Advertising in Recommender Systemscited by 2
- 2023MDDL: A Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Position Allocation in Multi-Channel Feedcited by 1
- 2024Assortment Planning with Sponsored Productscited by 0
- 2024Supervised Learning-enhanced Multi-Group Actor Critic for Live Stream Allocation in Feedcited by 0
- 2026One Model, Two Markets: Bid-Aware Generative Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026Adaptive Ad Load Design for Sponsored Search Markets: Evidence, Theory, and Deploymentcited by 0
- 2026Less Traffic, Better Outcomes: Competition-Aware Request Dispatch in Real-Time Ad Exchangescited by 0
- 2026Less Traffic, Better Outcomes: Competition-Aware Request Dispatch in Real-Time Ad Exchanges4 Aug 2026
- 2026Adaptive Ad Load Design for Sponsored Search Markets: Evidence, Theory, and Deployment15 Jul 2026
- 2026One Model, Two Markets: Bid-Aware Generative Recommendation23 Mar 2026
- 2025Multi-task Offline Reinforcement Learning for Online Advertising in Recommender Systems29 Jun 2025
- 2025Session-Level Dynamic Ad Load Optimization using Offline Robust Reinforcement Learning9 Jan 2025
- 2024Supervised Learning-enhanced Multi-Group Actor Critic for Live Stream Allocation in Feed28 Nov 2024
- 2024Ads Supply Personalization via Doubly Robust Learning29 Sep 2024
- 2024Assortment Planning with Sponsored Products9 Feb 2024
- 2024Deep Automated Mechanism Design for Integrating Ad Auction and Allocation in Feed3 Jan 2024
- 2023HiBid: A Cross-Channel Constrained Bidding System with Budget Allocation by Hierarchical Offline Deep Reinforcement Learning29 Dec 2023
- 2023RL-MPCA: A Reinforcement Learning Based Multi-Phase Computation Allocation Approach for Recommender Systems27 Dec 2023
- 2023MDDL: A Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Position Allocation in Multi-Channel Feed17 Apr 2023
7 more
- 2023PIER: Permutation-Level Interest-Based End-to-End Re-ranking Framework in E-commerce6 Feb 2023
- 2022TD3 with Reverse KL Regularizer for Offline Reinforcement Learning from Mixed Datasets5 Dec 2022
- 2022Hierarchically Constrained Adaptive Ad Exposure in Feeds31 May 2022
- 2022NMA: Neural Multi-slot Auctions with Externalities for Online Advertising20 May 2022
- 2022Hybrid Transfer in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation2 Apr 2022
- 2022Learning List-wise Representation in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation with Multiple Auxiliary Tasks2 Apr 2022
- 2022Deep Page-Level Interest Network in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation1 Apr 2022
- 2022TD3 with Reverse KL Regularizer for Offline Reinforcement Learning from Mixed Datasetscited by 4
- 2023HiBid: A Cross-Channel Constrained Bidding System with Budget Allocation by Hierarchical Offline Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2025Multi-task Offline Reinforcement Learning for Online Advertising in Recommender Systemscited by 2
- 2025Multi-task Offline Reinforcement Learning for Online Advertising in Recommender Systems29 Jun 2025
- 2023HiBid: A Cross-Channel Constrained Bidding System with Budget Allocation by Hierarchical Offline Deep Reinforcement Learning29 Dec 2023
- 2022TD3 with Reverse KL Regularizer for Offline Reinforcement Learning from Mixed Datasets5 Dec 2022
- 2022Deep Page-Level Interest Network in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocationcited by 8
- 2023PIER: Permutation-Level Interest-Based End-to-End Re-ranking Framework in E-commercecited by 8
- 2022Hierarchically Constrained Adaptive Ad Exposure in Feedscited by 6
- 2024Deep Automated Mechanism Design for Integrating Ad Auction and Allocation in Feedcited by 6
- 2022Hybrid Transfer in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocationcited by 5
- 2022NMA: Neural Multi-slot Auctions with Externalities for Online Advertisingcited by 4
- 2022Learning List-wise Representation in Reinforcement Learning for Ads Allocation with Multiple Auxiliary Taskscited by 3
- 2023RL-MPCA: A Reinforcement Learning Based Multi-Phase Computation Allocation Approach for Recommender Systemscited by 3
- 2024Ads Supply Personalization via Doubly Robust Learningcited by 2
- 2025Session-Level Dynamic Ad Load Optimization using Offline Robust Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2023MDDL: A Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Position Allocation in Multi-Channel Feedcited by 1
- 2024Assortment Planning with Sponsored Productscited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Less Traffic, Better Outcomes: Competition-Aware Request Dispatch in Real-Time Ad Exchanges4 Aug 2026
- 2026Adaptive Ad Load Design for Sponsored Search Markets: Evidence, Theory, and Deployment15 Jul 2026
- 2026One Model, Two Markets: Bid-Aware Generative Recommendation23 Mar 2026
- 2025Session-Level Dynamic Ad Load Optimization using Offline Robust Reinforcement Learning9 Jan 2025
- 2024Ads Supply Personalization via Doubly Robust Learning29 Sep 2024
- 2024Assortment Planning with Sponsored Products9 Feb 2024
- 2024Deep Automated Mechanism Design for Integrating Ad Auction and Allocation in Feed3 Jan 2024
- 2023RL-MPCA: A Reinforcement Learning Based Multi-Phase Computation Allocation Approach for Recommender Systems27 Dec 2023
- 2023MDDL: A Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Position Allocation in Multi-Channel Feed17 Apr 2023
- 2023PIER: Permutation-Level Interest-Based End-to-End Re-ranking Framework in E-commerce6 Feb 2023
- 2022Hierarchically Constrained Adaptive Ad Exposure in Feeds31 May 2022
- 2022NMA: Neural Multi-slot Auctions with Externalities for Online Advertising20 May 2022
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)