mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning Facial Representations from the Cycle-consistency of Face

arXiv 2108.03427 ↗First posted 7 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 20

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Faces manifest large variations in many aspects, such as identity, expression, pose, and face styling. Therefore, it is a great challenge to disentangle and extract these characteristics from facial images, especially in an unsupervised manner. In this work, we introduce cycle-consistency in facial characteristics as free supervisory signal to learn facial representations from unlabeled facial images. The learning is realized by superimposing the facial motion cycle-consistency and identity cycle-consistency constraints. The main idea of the facial motion cycle-consistency is that, given a face with expression, we can perform de-expression to a neutral face via the removal of facial motion and further perform re-expression to reconstruct back to the original face. The main idea of the identity cycle-consistency is to exploit both de-identity into mean face by depriving the given neutral face of its identity via feature re-normalization and re-identity into neutral face by adding the personal attributes to the mean face. At training time, our model learns to disentangle two distinct facial representations to be useful for performing cycle-consistent face reconstruction. At test time, we use the linear protocol scheme for evaluating facial representations on various tasks, including facial expression recognition and head pose regression. We also can directly apply the learnt facial representations to person recognition, frontalization and image-to-image translation. Our experiments show that the results of our approach is competitive with those of existing methods, demonstrating the rich and unique information embedded in the disentangled representations. Code is available at https://github.com/JiaRenChang/FaceCycle .

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2021.

Builds on

22 of 52 references.

References · 22

  1. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  2. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  3. 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
  4. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  5. 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 966
  6. 2018VoxCeleb2: Deep Speaker Recognitioncited by 862
  7. 2017SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognitioncited by 733
  8. 2017VoxCeleb: a large-scale speaker identification datasetcited by 714
  9. 2017How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)cited by 524
  10. 2013Challenges in Representation Learning: A report on three machine learning contestscited by 301
  11. 2019Few-Shot Adversarial Learning of Realistic Neural Talking Head Modelscited by 284
  12. 2018X2Face: A network for controlling face generation by using images, audio, and pose codescited by 189
10 more
  1. 2018GANimation: Anatomically-aware Facial Animation from a Single Imagecited by 160
  2. 2018Face Alignment in Full Pose Range: A 3D Total Solutioncited by 147
  3. 2018Unsupervised Discovery of Object Landmarks as Structural Representationscited by 73
  4. 2017Neural Face Editing with Intrinsic Image Disentanglingcited by 70
  5. 2018Deforming Autoencoders: Unsupervised Disentangling of Shape and Appearancecited by 58
  6. 2019Disentangled Representation Learning for 3D Face Shapecited by 48
  7. 2018Self-supervised learning of a facial attribute embedding from videocited by 44
  8. 2016Learning Residual Images for Face Attribute Manipulationcited by 40
  9. 2017MirrorFlow: Exploiting Symmetries in Joint Optical Flow and Occlusion Estimationcited by 21
  10. 2018Unsupervised Learning of Face Representationscited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

20 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023SVFAP: Self-supervised Video Facial Affect Perceivercited by 18
  2. 2024Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning with Facial Region Awarenesscited by 17
  3. 2022Pose-disentangled Contrastive Learning for Self-supervised Facial Representationcited by 16
  4. 2022Revisiting Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 9
  5. 2024Exploring Facial Expression Recognition through Semi-Supervised Pretraining and Temporal Modelingcited by 8
  6. 2023Diff-ID: An Explainable Identity Difference Quantification Framework for DeepFake Detectioncited by 6
  7. 2023Exploring Large-scale Unlabeled Faces to Enhance Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  8. 2023Unsupervised Facial Expression Representation Learning with Contrastive Local Warpingcited by 4
  9. 2024Emotic Masked Autoencoder with Attention Fusion for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 3
  10. 2023Unpaired Multi-domain Attribute Translation of 3D Facial Shapes with a Square and Symmetric Geometric Mapcited by 2
  11. 2022On Biased Behavior of GANs for Face Verificationcited by 1
  12. 2022A Survey of Face Recognitioncited by 1
8 more
  1. 2025LH2Face: Loss function for Hard High-quality Facecited by 1
  2. 2022Towards an objective characterization of an individual's facial movements using Self-Supervised Person-Specific-Modelscited by 0
  3. 2023Watch Out for the Confusing Faces: Detecting Face Swapping with the Probability Distribution of Face Identification Modelscited by 0
  4. 2023A Generative Framework for Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learningcited by 0
  5. 2024DrFER: Learning Disentangled Representations for 3D Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
  6. 2024eMotion-GAN: A Motion-based GAN for Photorealistic and Facial Expression Preserving Frontal View Synthesiscited by 0
  7. 2025Learn Your Scales: Towards Scale-Consistent Generative Novel View Synthesiscited by 0
  8. 2026Semi-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition based on Dynamic Threshold and Negative Learningcited by 0