AdaSpeech 3: Adaptive Text to Speech for Spontaneous Style
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Abstract (arXiv)
While recent text to speech (TTS) models perform very well in synthesizing reading-style (e.g., audiobook) speech, it is still challenging to synthesize spontaneous-style speech (e.g., podcast or conversation), mainly because of two reasons: 1) the lack of training data for spontaneous speech; 2) the difficulty in modeling the filled pauses (um and uh) and diverse rhythms in spontaneous speech. In this paper, we develop AdaSpeech 3, an adaptive TTS system that fine-tunes a well-trained reading-style TTS model for spontaneous-style speech. Specifically, 1) to insert filled pauses (FP) in the text sequence appropriately, we introduce an FP predictor to the TTS model; 2) to model the varying rhythms, we introduce a duration predictor based on mixture of experts (MoE), which contains three experts responsible for the generation of fast, medium and slow speech respectively, and fine-tune it as well as the pitch predictor for rhythm adaptation; 3) to adapt to other speaker timbre, we fine-tune some parameters in the decoder with few speech data. To address the challenge of lack of training data, we mine a spontaneous speech dataset to support our research this work and facilitate future research on spontaneous TTS. Experiments show that AdaSpeech 3 synthesizes speech with natural FP and rhythms in spontaneous styles, and achieves much better MOS and SMOS scores than previous adaptive TTS systems.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jul 2021.
Builds on
10 of 27 references.
References · 10
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 710
- 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 639
- 2017Tacotron: Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 487
- 2019MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesiscited by 351
- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
- 2021AdaSpeech: Adaptive Text to Speech for Custom Voicecited by 98
- 2017Deep Voice 3: Scaling Text-to-Speech with Convolutional Sequence Learningcited by 67
- 2019Token-Level Ensemble Distillation for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversioncited by 26
- 2021AdaSpeech 2: Adaptive Text to Speech with Untranscribed Datacited by 17
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2022DailyTalk: Spoken Dialogue Dataset for Conversational Text-to-Speechcited by 67
- 2022AdaSpeech 4: Adaptive Text to Speech in Zero-Shot Scenarioscited by 41
- 2023A Vector Quantized Approach for Text to Speech Synthesis on Real-World Spontaneous Speechcited by 22
- 2025MoonCast: High-Quality Zero-Shot Podcast Generationcited by 18
- 2024Spontaneous Style Text-to-Speech Synthesis with Controllable Spontaneous Behaviors Based on Language Modelscited by 7
- 2024Style Mixture of Experts for Expressive Text-To-Speech Synthesiscited by 6
- 2023Towards Spontaneous Style Modeling with Semi-supervised Pre-training for Conversational Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 4
- 2025FMSD-TTS: Few-shot Multi-Speaker Multi-Dialect Text-to-Speech Synthesis for "U-Tsang, Amdo and Kham Speech Dataset Generationcited by 3
- 2022AdaVocoder: Adaptive Vocoder for Custom Voicecited by 2
- 2023ComedicSpeech: Text To Speech For Stand-up Comedies in Low-Resource Scenarioscited by 0
- 2026Gesture2Speech: How Far Can Hand Movements Shape Expressive Speech?cited by 0
- 2026Gesture2Speech: How Far Can Hand Movements Shape Expressive Speech?20 Mar 2026
- 2025FMSD-TTS: Few-shot Multi-Speaker Multi-Dialect Text-to-Speech Synthesis for "U-Tsang, Amdo and Kham Speech Dataset Generation20 May 2025
- 2025MoonCast: High-Quality Zero-Shot Podcast Generation18 Mar 2025
- 2024Spontaneous Style Text-to-Speech Synthesis with Controllable Spontaneous Behaviors Based on Language Models18 Jul 2024
- 2024Style Mixture of Experts for Expressive Text-To-Speech Synthesis5 Jun 2024
- 2023Towards Spontaneous Style Modeling with Semi-supervised Pre-training for Conversational Text-to-Speech Synthesis31 Aug 2023
- 2023ComedicSpeech: Text To Speech For Stand-up Comedies in Low-Resource Scenarios20 May 2023
- 2023A Vector Quantized Approach for Text to Speech Synthesis on Real-World Spontaneous Speech8 Feb 2023
- 2022DailyTalk: Spoken Dialogue Dataset for Conversational Text-to-Speech3 Jul 2022
- 2022AdaSpeech 4: Adaptive Text to Speech in Zero-Shot Scenarios1 Apr 2022
- 2022AdaVocoder: Adaptive Vocoder for Custom Voice18 Mar 2022
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024AS-Speech: Adaptive Style For Speech Synthesis ↗
- 2022Grad-StyleSpeech: Any-speaker Adaptive Text-to-Speech Synthesis with Diffusion Models
- 2023E3 TTS: Easy End-to-End Diffusion-based Text to Speech
- 2022NoreSpeech: Knowledge Distillation based Conditional Diffusion Model for Noise-robust Expressive TTS
- 2024DPI-TTS: Directional Patch Interaction for Fast-Converging and Style Temporal Modeling in Text-to-Speech
- 2026COT-TTS: Audio Context-Aware Text-to-Speech with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
- 2023InstructTTS: Modelling Expressive TTS in Discrete Latent Space with Natural Language Style Prompt
- 2025From Text to Talk: Audio-Language Model Needs Non-Autoregressive Joint Training