mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Distributed Heuristic Multi-Agent Path Finding with Communication

arXiv 2106.11365 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2021cs.RO cs.AI cs.MAcited by 31

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Abstract (arXiv)

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is essential to large-scale robotic systems. Recent methods have applied reinforcement learning (RL) to learn decentralized polices in partially observable environments. A fundamental challenge of obtaining collision-free policy is that agents need to learn cooperation to handle congested situations. This paper combines communication with deep Q-learning to provide a novel learning based method for MAPF, where agents achieve cooperation via graph convolution. To guide RL algorithm on long-horizon goal-oriented tasks, we embed the potential choices of shortest paths from single source as heuristic guidance instead of using a specific path as in most existing works. Our method treats each agent independently and trains the model from a single agent's perspective. The final trained policy is applied to each agent for decentralized execution. The whole system is distributed during training and is trained under a curriculum learning strategy. Empirical evaluation in obstacle-rich environment indicates the high success rate with low average step of our method.

Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2021.

Builds on

21 of 39 references.

References · 21

  1. 2014Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modelingcited by 2,341
  2. 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,218
  3. 2017Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environmentscited by 1,519
  4. 2015Dueling Network Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 769
  5. 2017Counterfactual Multi-Agent Policy Gradientscited by 733
  6. 2018QMIX: Monotonic Value Function Factorisation for Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 697
  7. 2016Learning to Communicate with Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 561
  8. 2018Distributed Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 260
  9. 2018TarMAC: Targeted Multi-Agent Communicationcited by 201
  10. 2019Multi-Agent Pathfinding: Definitions, Variants, and Benchmarkscited by 197
  11. 2015Multiagent Cooperation and Competition with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 180
  12. 2017Emergence of Locomotion Behaviours in Rich Environmentscited by 159
9 more
  1. 2016Value Iteration Networkscited by 158
  2. 2018Graph Convolutional Reinforcement Learningcited by 148
  3. 2016Decentralized Non-communicating Multiagent Collision Avoidance with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 104
  4. 2018PRIMAL: Pathfinding via Reinforcement and Imitation Multi-Agent Learningcited by 89
  5. 2017Towards Optimally Decentralized Multi-Robot Collision Avoidance via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 81
  6. 2020Mobile Robot Path Planning in Dynamic Environments through Globally Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
  7. 2020MAPPER: Multi-Agent Path Planning with Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning in Mixed Dynamic Environmentscited by 26
  8. 2017Feasibility Study: Moving Non-Homogeneous Teams in Congested Video Game Environmentscited by 21
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 4; 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.

31 papers.

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  1. 2021Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: Challenges and Directionscited by 42
  2. 2021Learning Selective Communication for Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 32
  3. 2023Learn to Follow: Decentralized Lifelong Multi-agent Pathfinding via Planning and Learningcited by 27
  4. 2022Multi-Agent Path Finding with Prioritized Communication Learningcited by 17
  5. 2022Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Robot Teams: A Reviewcited by 11
  6. 2023Decentralized Monte Carlo Tree Search for Partially Observable Multi-agent Pathfindingcited by 11
  7. 2024Work Smarter Not Harder: Simple Imitation Learning with CS-PIBT Outperforms Large Scale Imitation Learning for MAPFcited by 10
  8. 2025SRMT: Shared Memory for Multi-agent Lifelong Pathfindingcited by 8
  9. 2022Graph-Based Multi-Robot Path Finding and Planningcited by 7
  10. 2024Ensembling Prioritized Hybrid Policies for Multi-agent Pathfindingcited by 7
  11. 2022CTRMs: Learning to Construct Cooperative Timed Roadmaps for Multi-agent Path Planning in Continuous Spacescited by 6
  12. 2023SACHA: Soft Actor-Critic with Heuristic-Based Attention for Partially Observable Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 6
19 more
  1. 2024Deploying Ten Thousand Robots: Scalable Imitation Learning for Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 6
  2. 2023Learning Team-Based Navigation: A Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 5
  3. 2025Advancing Learnable Multi-Agent Pathfinding Solvers with Active Fine-Tuningcited by 5
  4. 2024HiMAP: Learning Heuristics-Informed Policies for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 4
  5. 2025SIGMA: Sheaf-Informed Geometric Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 4
  6. 2025LLMDR: LLM-Driven Deadlock Detection and Resolution in Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 1
  7. 2026Learning to Communicate Locally for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 1
  8. 2026Discrete Diffusion for Complex and Congested Multi-Agent Path Finding with Sparse Social Attentioncited by 1
  9. 2023Optimizing Crowd-Aware Multi-Agent Path Finding through Local Communication with Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
  10. 2024Cooperative Reward Shaping for Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 0
  11. 2024MFC-EQ: Mean-Field Control with Envelope Q-Learning for Moving Decentralized Agents in Formationcited by 0
  12. 2025When Agents Break Down in Multiagent Path Findingcited by 0
  13. 2025Multi-Agent Path Finding via Offline RL and LLM Collaborationcited by 0
  14. 2025Sequence Pathfinder for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery in the Warehousecited by 0
  15. 2025Towards Information-Optimized Multi-Agent Path Finding: A Hybrid Framework with Reduced Inter-Agent Information Sharingcited by 0
  16. 2026SPARC: Spatial-Aware Path Planning via Attentive Agent Communicationcited by 0
  17. 2026VORL-EXPLORE: A Hybrid Learning Planning Approach to Multi-Robot Exploration in Dynamic Environmentscited by 0
  18. 2026Latent Telepathy: Multi-Robot Communication with Self-Supervised Perceptual Latentscited by 0
  19. 2026Decentralized Master-Mind: Joint Action Refinement through Iterative Intent Denoising in Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 0