Distributed Heuristic Multi-Agent Path Finding with Communication
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is essential to large-scale robotic systems. Recent methods have applied reinforcement learning (RL) to learn decentralized polices in partially observable environments. A fundamental challenge of obtaining collision-free policy is that agents need to learn cooperation to handle congested situations. This paper combines communication with deep Q-learning to provide a novel learning based method for MAPF, where agents achieve cooperation via graph convolution. To guide RL algorithm on long-horizon goal-oriented tasks, we embed the potential choices of shortest paths from single source as heuristic guidance instead of using a specific path as in most existing works. Our method treats each agent independently and trains the model from a single agent's perspective. The final trained policy is applied to each agent for decentralized execution. The whole system is distributed during training and is trained under a curriculum learning strategy. Empirical evaluation in obstacle-rich environment indicates the high success rate with low average step of our method.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2021.
Builds on
21 of 39 references.
References · 21
- 2014Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modelingcited by 2,341
- 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,218
- 2017Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environmentscited by 1,519
- 2015Dueling Network Architectures for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 769
- 2017Counterfactual Multi-Agent Policy Gradientscited by 733
- 2018QMIX: Monotonic Value Function Factorisation for Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 697
- 2016Learning to Communicate with Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 561
- 2018Distributed Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 260
- 2018TarMAC: Targeted Multi-Agent Communicationcited by 201
- 2019Multi-Agent Pathfinding: Definitions, Variants, and Benchmarkscited by 197
- 2015Multiagent Cooperation and Competition with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 180
- 2017Emergence of Locomotion Behaviours in Rich Environmentscited by 159
9 more
- 2016Value Iteration Networkscited by 158
- 2018Graph Convolutional Reinforcement Learningcited by 148
- 2016Decentralized Non-communicating Multiagent Collision Avoidance with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 104
- 2018PRIMAL: Pathfinding via Reinforcement and Imitation Multi-Agent Learningcited by 89
- 2017Towards Optimally Decentralized Multi-Robot Collision Avoidance via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 81
- 2020Mobile Robot Path Planning in Dynamic Environments through Globally Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
- 2020MAPPER: Multi-Agent Path Planning with Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning in Mixed Dynamic Environmentscited by 26
- 2017Feasibility Study: Moving Non-Homogeneous Teams in Congested Video Game Environmentscited by 21
- 2020GLAS: Global-to-Local Safe Autonomy Synthesis for Multi-Robot Motion Planning with End-to-End Learningcited by 21
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 4; 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.
31 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: Challenges and Directionscited by 42
- 2021Learning Selective Communication for Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 32
- 2023Learn to Follow: Decentralized Lifelong Multi-agent Pathfinding via Planning and Learningcited by 27
- 2022Multi-Agent Path Finding with Prioritized Communication Learningcited by 17
- 2022Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Robot Teams: A Reviewcited by 11
- 2023Decentralized Monte Carlo Tree Search for Partially Observable Multi-agent Pathfindingcited by 11
- 2024Work Smarter Not Harder: Simple Imitation Learning with CS-PIBT Outperforms Large Scale Imitation Learning for MAPFcited by 10
- 2025SRMT: Shared Memory for Multi-agent Lifelong Pathfindingcited by 8
- 2022Graph-Based Multi-Robot Path Finding and Planningcited by 7
- 2024Ensembling Prioritized Hybrid Policies for Multi-agent Pathfindingcited by 7
- 2022CTRMs: Learning to Construct Cooperative Timed Roadmaps for Multi-agent Path Planning in Continuous Spacescited by 6
- 2023SACHA: Soft Actor-Critic with Heuristic-Based Attention for Partially Observable Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 6
19 more
- 2024Deploying Ten Thousand Robots: Scalable Imitation Learning for Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 6
- 2023Learning Team-Based Navigation: A Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 5
- 2025Advancing Learnable Multi-Agent Pathfinding Solvers with Active Fine-Tuningcited by 5
- 2024HiMAP: Learning Heuristics-Informed Policies for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 4
- 2025SIGMA: Sheaf-Informed Geometric Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 4
- 2025LLMDR: LLM-Driven Deadlock Detection and Resolution in Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 1
- 2026Learning to Communicate Locally for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 1
- 2026Discrete Diffusion for Complex and Congested Multi-Agent Path Finding with Sparse Social Attentioncited by 1
- 2023Optimizing Crowd-Aware Multi-Agent Path Finding through Local Communication with Graph Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2024Cooperative Reward Shaping for Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 0
- 2024MFC-EQ: Mean-Field Control with Envelope Q-Learning for Moving Decentralized Agents in Formationcited by 0
- 2025When Agents Break Down in Multiagent Path Findingcited by 0
- 2025Multi-Agent Path Finding via Offline RL and LLM Collaborationcited by 0
- 2025Sequence Pathfinder for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery in the Warehousecited by 0
- 2025Towards Information-Optimized Multi-Agent Path Finding: A Hybrid Framework with Reduced Inter-Agent Information Sharingcited by 0
- 2026SPARC: Spatial-Aware Path Planning via Attentive Agent Communicationcited by 0
- 2026VORL-EXPLORE: A Hybrid Learning Planning Approach to Multi-Robot Exploration in Dynamic Environmentscited by 0
- 2026Latent Telepathy: Multi-Robot Communication with Self-Supervised Perceptual Latentscited by 0
- 2026Decentralized Master-Mind: Joint Action Refinement through Iterative Intent Denoising in Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 0
- 2026Decentralized Master-Mind: Joint Action Refinement through Iterative Intent Denoising in Multi-Agent Pathfinding25 Sep 2026
- 2026Latent Telepathy: Multi-Robot Communication with Self-Supervised Perceptual Latents20 Sep 2026
- 2026Discrete Diffusion for Complex and Congested Multi-Agent Path Finding with Sparse Social Attention13 May 2026
- 2026Learning to Communicate Locally for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfinding8 May 2026
- 2026VORL-EXPLORE: A Hybrid Learning Planning Approach to Multi-Robot Exploration in Dynamic Environments9 Mar 2026
- 2026SPARC: Spatial-Aware Path Planning via Attentive Agent Communication3 Mar 2026
- 2025Towards Information-Optimized Multi-Agent Path Finding: A Hybrid Framework with Reduced Inter-Agent Information Sharing10 Oct 2025
- 2025Sequence Pathfinder for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery in the Warehouse28 Sep 2025
- 2025Multi-Agent Path Finding via Offline RL and LLM Collaboration26 Sep 2025
- 2025When Agents Break Down in Multiagent Path Finding5 Aug 2025
- 2025Advancing Learnable Multi-Agent Pathfinding Solvers with Active Fine-Tuning30 Jun 2025
- 2025LLMDR: LLM-Driven Deadlock Detection and Resolution in Multi-Agent Pathfinding2 Mar 2025
19 more
- 2025SIGMA: Sheaf-Informed Geometric Multi-Agent Pathfinding10 Feb 2025
- 2025SRMT: Shared Memory for Multi-agent Lifelong Pathfinding22 Jan 2025
- 2024Deploying Ten Thousand Robots: Scalable Imitation Learning for Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding28 Oct 2024
- 2024MFC-EQ: Mean-Field Control with Envelope Q-Learning for Moving Decentralized Agents in Formation15 Oct 2024
- 2024Work Smarter Not Harder: Simple Imitation Learning with CS-PIBT Outperforms Large Scale Imitation Learning for MAPF22 Sep 2024
- 2024Cooperative Reward Shaping for Multi-Agent Pathfinding15 Jul 2024
- 2024Ensembling Prioritized Hybrid Policies for Multi-agent Pathfinding12 Mar 2024
- 2024HiMAP: Learning Heuristics-Informed Policies for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfinding23 Feb 2024
- 2023Decentralized Monte Carlo Tree Search for Partially Observable Multi-agent Pathfinding26 Dec 2023
- 2023Learn to Follow: Decentralized Lifelong Multi-agent Pathfinding via Planning and Learning2 Oct 2023
- 2023Optimizing Crowd-Aware Multi-Agent Path Finding through Local Communication with Graph Neural Networks19 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning Team-Based Navigation: A Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Multi-Agent Pathfinding11 Aug 2023
- 2023SACHA: Soft Actor-Critic with Heuristic-Based Attention for Partially Observable Multi-Agent Path Finding5 Jul 2023
- 2022Graph-Based Multi-Robot Path Finding and Planning22 Jun 2022
- 2022Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Robot Teams: A Review7 Apr 2022
- 2022Multi-Agent Path Finding with Prioritized Communication Learning8 Feb 2022
- 2022CTRMs: Learning to Construct Cooperative Timed Roadmaps for Multi-agent Path Planning in Continuous Spaces24 Jan 2022
- 2021Learning Selective Communication for Multi-Agent Path Finding12 Sep 2021
- 2021Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: Challenges and Directions29 Jun 2021
- 2021Learning Selective Communication for Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 32
- 2024Work Smarter Not Harder: Simple Imitation Learning with CS-PIBT Outperforms Large Scale Imitation Learning for MAPFcited by 10
- 2024Deploying Ten Thousand Robots: Scalable Imitation Learning for Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 6
- 2024Deploying Ten Thousand Robots: Scalable Imitation Learning for Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding28 Oct 2024
- 2024Work Smarter Not Harder: Simple Imitation Learning with CS-PIBT Outperforms Large Scale Imitation Learning for MAPF22 Sep 2024
- 2021Learning Selective Communication for Multi-Agent Path Finding12 Sep 2021
- 2021Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: Challenges and Directionscited by 42
- 2023Learn to Follow: Decentralized Lifelong Multi-agent Pathfinding via Planning and Learningcited by 27
- 2022Multi-Agent Path Finding with Prioritized Communication Learningcited by 17
- 2022Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Robot Teams: A Reviewcited by 11
- 2023Decentralized Monte Carlo Tree Search for Partially Observable Multi-agent Pathfindingcited by 11
- 2025SRMT: Shared Memory for Multi-agent Lifelong Pathfindingcited by 8
- 2022Graph-Based Multi-Robot Path Finding and Planningcited by 7
- 2024Ensembling Prioritized Hybrid Policies for Multi-agent Pathfindingcited by 7
- 2022CTRMs: Learning to Construct Cooperative Timed Roadmaps for Multi-agent Path Planning in Continuous Spacescited by 6
- 2023SACHA: Soft Actor-Critic with Heuristic-Based Attention for Partially Observable Multi-Agent Path Findingcited by 6
- 2023Learning Team-Based Navigation: A Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Multi-Agent Pathfindingcited by 5
- 2025Advancing Learnable Multi-Agent Pathfinding Solvers with Active Fine-Tuningcited by 5
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2026Decentralized Master-Mind: Joint Action Refinement through Iterative Intent Denoising in Multi-Agent Pathfinding25 Sep 2026
- 2026Latent Telepathy: Multi-Robot Communication with Self-Supervised Perceptual Latents20 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Communicate Locally for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Pathfinding8 May 2026
- 2026VORL-EXPLORE: A Hybrid Learning Planning Approach to Multi-Robot Exploration in Dynamic Environments9 Mar 2026
- 2026SPARC: Spatial-Aware Path Planning via Attentive Agent Communication3 Mar 2026
- 2025Towards Information-Optimized Multi-Agent Path Finding: A Hybrid Framework with Reduced Inter-Agent Information Sharing10 Oct 2025
- 2025Sequence Pathfinder for Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery in the Warehouse28 Sep 2025
- 2025When Agents Break Down in Multiagent Path Finding5 Aug 2025
- 2025Advancing Learnable Multi-Agent Pathfinding Solvers with Active Fine-Tuning30 Jun 2025
- 2025SIGMA: Sheaf-Informed Geometric Multi-Agent Pathfinding10 Feb 2025
- 2025SRMT: Shared Memory for Multi-agent Lifelong Pathfinding22 Jan 2025
- 2024MFC-EQ: Mean-Field Control with Envelope Q-Learning for Moving Decentralized Agents in Formation15 Oct 2024
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)