PyGAD: An Intuitive Genetic Algorithm Python Library
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper introduces PyGAD, an open-source easy-to-use Python library for building the genetic algorithm. PyGAD supports a wide range of parameters to give the user control over everything in its life cycle. This includes, but is not limited to, population, gene value range, gene data type, parent selection, crossover, and mutation. PyGAD is designed as a general-purpose optimization library that allows the user to customize the fitness function. Its usage consists of 3 main steps: build the fitness function, create an instance of the pygad.GA class, and calling the pygad.GA.run() method. The library supports training deep learning models created either with PyGAD itself or with frameworks like Keras and PyTorch. Given its stable state, PyGAD is also in active development to respond to the user's requested features and enhancement received on GitHub https://github.com/ahmedfgad/GeneticAlgorithmPython. PyGAD comes with documentation https://pygad.readthedocs.io for further details and examples.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 0 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2021.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 6.
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- 2022SurCo: Learning Linear Surrogates For Combinatorial Nonlinear Optimization Problemscited by 21
- 2023SynerGPT: In-Context Learning for Personalized Drug Synergy Prediction and Drug Designcited by 13
- 2023Road Planning for Slums via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
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- 2022Evolutionary scheduling of university activities based on consumption forecasts to minimise electricity costscited by 2
- 2022CryoRL: Reinforcement Learning Enables Efficient Cryo-EM Data Collectioncited by 1
- 2024Category-wise Fine-Tuning: Resisting Incorrect Pseudo-Labels in Multi-Label Image Classification with Partial Labelscited by 1
- 2024Human-Readable Programs as Actors of Reinforcement Learning Agents Using Critic-Moderated Evolutioncited by 1
- 2025Unsupervised Particle Tracking with Neuromorphic Computingcited by 1
- 2025Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Inverse Design in Photonic Integrated Circuitscited by 1
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- 2026Towards Robust Universal Perturbation Attacks: A Float-Coded, Penalty-Driven Evolutionary Approachcited by 0
- 2026Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Element-level Bridge Life-cycle Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026Active Sensing for RIS-Aided Tracking and Power Control: A Hybrid Neuroevolution and Supervised Learning Approachcited by 0
- 2026ConceptCF: Concept-based Counterfactuals for the Explainability of Time Seriescited by 0
- 2026LLMs in Process Diagram Engineering: From Optimal PFDs to Validated P&IDscited by 0
- 2026Transformer-Based Flow Shop Scheduling Using MILP-Generated Training Datacited by 0
- 2026Transformer-Based Flow Shop Scheduling Using MILP-Generated Training Data30 Aug 2026
- 2026LLMs in Process Diagram Engineering: From Optimal PFDs to Validated P&IDs21 Jul 2026
- 2026ConceptCF: Concept-based Counterfactuals for the Explainability of Time Series21 Jul 2026
- 2026Active Sensing for RIS-Aided Tracking and Power Control: A Hybrid Neuroevolution and Supervised Learning Approach30 Jun 2026
- 2026Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Element-level Bridge Life-cycle Optimization2 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Universal Perturbation Attacks: A Float-Coded, Penalty-Driven Evolutionary Approach18 Jan 2026
- 2025RIS-Enabled Smart Wireless Environments: Fundamentals and Distributed Optimization21 Dec 2025
- 2025Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Inverse Design in Photonic Integrated Circuits23 Jun 2025
- 2025Composite Data Augmentations for Synthetic Image Detection Against Real-World Perturbations13 Jun 2025
- 2025USTBench: Benchmarking and Dissecting Spatiotemporal Reasoning of LLMs as Urban Agents23 May 2025
- 2025Realistic Counterfactual Explanations for Machine Learning-Controlled Mobile Robots using 2D LiDAR11 May 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Particle Tracking with Neuromorphic Computing10 Feb 2025
12 more
- 2024Human-Readable Programs as Actors of Reinforcement Learning Agents Using Critic-Moderated Evolution29 Oct 2024
- 2024Optimizing Treatment Allocation in the Presence of Interference30 Sep 2024
- 2024Class-specific Data Augmentation for Plant Stress Classification18 Jun 2024
- 2024Category-wise Fine-Tuning: Resisting Incorrect Pseudo-Labels in Multi-Label Image Classification with Partial Labels30 Jan 2024
- 2023Uncertainty Quantification in Neural-Network Based Pain Intensity Estimation14 Nov 2023
- 2023Zero Grads: Learning Local Surrogate Losses for Non-Differentiable Graphics10 Aug 2023
- 2023SynerGPT: In-Context Learning for Personalized Drug Synergy Prediction and Drug Design19 Jun 2023
- 2023Road Planning for Slums via Deep Reinforcement Learning22 May 2023
- 2022SurCo: Learning Linear Surrogates For Combinatorial Nonlinear Optimization Problems22 Oct 2022
- 2022Realistic mask generation for matter-wave lithography via machine learning15 Jul 2022
- 2022CryoRL: Reinforcement Learning Enables Efficient Cryo-EM Data Collection15 Apr 2022
- 2022Evolutionary scheduling of university activities based on consumption forecasts to minimise electricity costs25 Feb 2022
- 2022SurCo: Learning Linear Surrogates For Combinatorial Nonlinear Optimization Problemscited by 21
- 2023SynerGPT: In-Context Learning for Personalized Drug Synergy Prediction and Drug Designcited by 13
- 2023Road Planning for Slums via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2023Zero Grads: Learning Local Surrogate Losses for Non-Differentiable Graphicscited by 5
- 2024Optimizing Treatment Allocation in the Presence of Interferencecited by 4
- 2022Evolutionary scheduling of university activities based on consumption forecasts to minimise electricity costscited by 2
- 2022CryoRL: Reinforcement Learning Enables Efficient Cryo-EM Data Collectioncited by 1
- 2024Category-wise Fine-Tuning: Resisting Incorrect Pseudo-Labels in Multi-Label Image Classification with Partial Labelscited by 1
- 2024Human-Readable Programs as Actors of Reinforcement Learning Agents Using Critic-Moderated Evolutioncited by 1
- 2025Unsupervised Particle Tracking with Neuromorphic Computingcited by 1
- 2025Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Inverse Design in Photonic Integrated Circuitscited by 1
- 2022Realistic mask generation for matter-wave lithography via machine learningcited by 0
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026Transformer-Based Flow Shop Scheduling Using MILP-Generated Training Data30 Aug 2026
- 2026LLMs in Process Diagram Engineering: From Optimal PFDs to Validated P&IDs21 Jul 2026
- 2026ConceptCF: Concept-based Counterfactuals for the Explainability of Time Series21 Jul 2026
- 2026Active Sensing for RIS-Aided Tracking and Power Control: A Hybrid Neuroevolution and Supervised Learning Approach30 Jun 2026
- 2026Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Element-level Bridge Life-cycle Optimization2 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Universal Perturbation Attacks: A Float-Coded, Penalty-Driven Evolutionary Approach18 Jan 2026
- 2025RIS-Enabled Smart Wireless Environments: Fundamentals and Distributed Optimization21 Dec 2025
- 2025Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Inverse Design in Photonic Integrated Circuits23 Jun 2025
- 2025Composite Data Augmentations for Synthetic Image Detection Against Real-World Perturbations13 Jun 2025
- 2025Realistic Counterfactual Explanations for Machine Learning-Controlled Mobile Robots using 2D LiDAR11 May 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Particle Tracking with Neuromorphic Computing10 Feb 2025
- 2024Human-Readable Programs as Actors of Reinforcement Learning Agents Using Critic-Moderated Evolution29 Oct 2024
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)