Interpretable agent communication from scratch (with a generic visual processor emerging on the side)
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Abstract (arXiv)
As deep networks begin to be deployed as autonomous agents, the issue of how they can communicate with each other becomes important. Here, we train two deep nets from scratch to perform realistic referent identification through unsupervised emergent communication. We show that the largely interpretable emergent protocol allows the nets to successfully communicate even about object types they did not see at training time. The visual representations induced as a by-product of our training regime, moreover, show comparable quality, when re-used as generic visual features, to a recent self-supervised learning model. Our results provide concrete evidence of the viability of (interpretable) emergent deep net communication in a more realistic scenario than previously considered, as well as establishing an intriguing link between this field and self-supervised visual learning.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2021.
Builds on
37 of 48 references.
References · 37
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,777
- 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,513
- 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 7,005
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
- 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,750
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
- 2020Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learningcited by 2,866
- 2020Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features by Contrasting Cluster Assignmentscited by 2,857
25 more
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
- 2021Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reductioncited by 1,838
- 2017Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hourcited by 1,492
- 2019Generating Diverse High-Fidelity Images with VQ-VAE-2cited by 1,387
- 2017Mixed Precision Trainingcited by 1,156
- 2016The Concrete Distribution: A Continuous Relaxation of Discrete Random Variablescited by 1,148
- 2015Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning by Context Predictioncited by 1,066
- 2019Learning Representations by Maximizing Mutual Information Across Viewscited by 734
- 2020Prototypical Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Representationscited by 640
- 2016Learning Multiagent Communication with Backpropagationcited by 366
- 2021With a Little Help from My Friends: Nearest-Neighbor Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 326
- 2019Unsupervised Embedding Learning via Invariant and Spreading Instance Featurecited by 232
- 2016Multi-Agent Cooperation and the Emergence of (Natural) Languagecited by 185
- 2020Emergent Multi-Agent Communication in the Deep Learning Eracited by 170
- 2020Explainable Deep Learning: A Field Guide for the Uninitiatedcited by 127
- 2016Discrete Variational Autoencoderscited by 125
- 2017Emergence of Language with Multi-agent Games: Learning to Communicate with Sequences of Symbolscited by 125
- 2020Compositionality and Generalization in Emergent Languagescited by 103
- 2018Emergence of Linguistic Communication from Referential Games with Symbolic and Pixel Inputcited by 102
- 2017Natural Language Does Not Emerge 'Naturally' in Multi-Agent Dialogcited by 86
- 2019Anti-efficient encoding in emergent communicationcited by 59
- 2018How agents see things: On visual representations in an emergent language gamecited by 45
- 2019EGG: a toolkit for research on Emergence of lanGuage in Gamescited by 42
- 2018Compositional Obverter Communication Learning From Raw Visual Inputcited by 30
- 2020On the Spontaneous Emergence of Discrete and Compositional Signalscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 6; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
25 papers.
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- 2022Emergent Communication: Generalization and Overfitting in Lewis Gamescited by 28
- 2022Simplicial Embeddings in Self-Supervised Learning and Downstream Classificationcited by 24
- 2022Linking Emergent and Natural Languages via Corpus Transfercited by 19
- 2024Iterated Learning Improves Compositionality in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 17
- 2024A Review of the Applications of Deep Learning-Based Emergent Communicationcited by 17
- 2023Towards More Human-like AI Communication: A Review of Emergent Communication Researchcited by 13
- 2023Lewis's Signaling Game as beta-VAE For Natural Word Lengths and Segmentscited by 11
- 2023Referential communication in heterogeneous communities of pre-trained visual deep networkscited by 10
- 2023Learning Multi-Agent Communication with Contrastive Learningcited by 9
- 2022Emergence of hierarchical reference systems in multi-agent communicationcited by 8
- 2022Emergent Quantized Communicationcited by 7
- 2024The Curious Case of Representational Alignment: Unravelling Visio-Linguistic Tasks in Emergent Communicationcited by 7
13 more
- 2024Language Evolution with Deep Learningcited by 5
- 2023Learning Multi-Object Positional Relationships via Emergent Communicationcited by 4
- 2024Speaking Your Language: Spatial Relationships in Interpretable Emergent Communicationcited by 3
- 2022Meta-Referential Games to Learn Compositional Learning Behaviourscited by 2
- 2024ELCC: the Emergent Language Corpus Collectioncited by 2
- 2025Implicit Repair with Reinforcement Learning in Emergent Communicationcited by 2
- 2026Investigating the Development of Task-Oriented Communication in Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025A Compressive-Expressive Communication Framework for Compositional Representationscited by 1
- 2026CtD: Composition through Decomposition in Emergent Communicationcited by 1
- 2023ETHER: Aligning Emergent Communication for Hindsight Experience Replaycited by 0
- 2024Emergent Communication in Continuous Worlds: Self-Organisation of Conceptually Grounded Vocabularies at Scalecited by 0
- 2025Cognitively-Inspired Emergent Communication via Knowledge Graphs for Assisting the Visually Impairedcited by 0
- 2025Natural, Artificial, and Human Intelligencescited by 0
- 2026Investigating the Development of Task-Oriented Communication in Vision-Language Models28 Jan 2026
- 2026CtD: Composition through Decomposition in Emergent Communication15 Jan 2026
- 2025Natural, Artificial, and Human Intelligences2 Jun 2025
- 2025Cognitively-Inspired Emergent Communication via Knowledge Graphs for Assisting the Visually Impaired28 May 2025
- 2025Implicit Repair with Reinforcement Learning in Emergent Communication18 Feb 2025
- 2025A Compressive-Expressive Communication Framework for Compositional Representations31 Jan 2025
- 2024The Curious Case of Representational Alignment: Unravelling Visio-Linguistic Tasks in Emergent Communication25 Jul 2024
- 2024ELCC: the Emergent Language Corpus Collection4 Jul 2024
- 2024A Review of the Applications of Deep Learning-Based Emergent Communication3 Jul 2024
- 2024Speaking Your Language: Spatial Relationships in Interpretable Emergent Communication11 Jun 2024
- 2024Iterated Learning Improves Compositionality in Large Vision-Language Models2 Apr 2024
- 2024Language Evolution with Deep Learning18 Mar 2024
13 more
- 2024Emergent Communication in Continuous Worlds: Self-Organisation of Conceptually Grounded Vocabularies at Scale16 Jan 2024
- 2023Lewis's Signaling Game as beta-VAE For Natural Word Lengths and Segments8 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards More Human-like AI Communication: A Review of Emergent Communication Research1 Aug 2023
- 2023ETHER: Aligning Emergent Communication for Hindsight Experience Replay28 Jul 2023
- 2023Learning Multi-Agent Communication with Contrastive Learning3 Jul 2023
- 2023Learning Multi-Object Positional Relationships via Emergent Communication16 Feb 2023
- 2023Referential communication in heterogeneous communities of pre-trained visual deep networks4 Feb 2023
- 2022Emergent Quantized Communication4 Nov 2022
- 2022Emergent Communication: Generalization and Overfitting in Lewis Games30 Sep 2022
- 2022Meta-Referential Games to Learn Compositional Learning Behaviours16 Jul 2022
- 2022Simplicial Embeddings in Self-Supervised Learning and Downstream Classification1 Apr 2022
- 2022Linking Emergent and Natural Languages via Corpus Transfer24 Mar 2022
- 2022Emergence of hierarchical reference systems in multi-agent communication24 Mar 2022
- 2022Emergent Communication: Generalization and Overfitting in Lewis Gamescited by 28
- 2022Simplicial Embeddings in Self-Supervised Learning and Downstream Classificationcited by 24
- 2022Linking Emergent and Natural Languages via Corpus Transfercited by 19
- 2023Towards More Human-like AI Communication: A Review of Emergent Communication Researchcited by 13
- 2023Lewis's Signaling Game as beta-VAE For Natural Word Lengths and Segmentscited by 11
- 2023Referential communication in heterogeneous communities of pre-trained visual deep networkscited by 10
- 2023Learning Multi-Agent Communication with Contrastive Learningcited by 9
- 2022Emergence of hierarchical reference systems in multi-agent communicationcited by 8
- 2022Emergent Quantized Communicationcited by 7
- 2024The Curious Case of Representational Alignment: Unravelling Visio-Linguistic Tasks in Emergent Communicationcited by 7
- 2024Language Evolution with Deep Learningcited by 5
- 2023Learning Multi-Object Positional Relationships via Emergent Communicationcited by 4
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026CtD: Composition through Decomposition in Emergent Communication15 Jan 2026
- 2025Natural, Artificial, and Human Intelligences2 Jun 2025
- 2025Cognitively-Inspired Emergent Communication via Knowledge Graphs for Assisting the Visually Impaired28 May 2025
- 2025A Compressive-Expressive Communication Framework for Compositional Representations31 Jan 2025
- 2024The Curious Case of Representational Alignment: Unravelling Visio-Linguistic Tasks in Emergent Communication25 Jul 2024
- 2024ELCC: the Emergent Language Corpus Collection4 Jul 2024
- 2024Speaking Your Language: Spatial Relationships in Interpretable Emergent Communication11 Jun 2024
- 2024Language Evolution with Deep Learning18 Mar 2024
- 2024Emergent Communication in Continuous Worlds: Self-Organisation of Conceptually Grounded Vocabularies at Scale16 Jan 2024
- 2023Lewis's Signaling Game as beta-VAE For Natural Word Lengths and Segments8 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards More Human-like AI Communication: A Review of Emergent Communication Research1 Aug 2023
- 2023ETHER: Aligning Emergent Communication for Hindsight Experience Replay28 Jul 2023
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)