mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Interpretable agent communication from scratch (with a generic visual processor emerging on the side)

arXiv 2106.04258 ↗First posted 8 Jun 2021cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

As deep networks begin to be deployed as autonomous agents, the issue of how they can communicate with each other becomes important. Here, we train two deep nets from scratch to perform realistic referent identification through unsupervised emergent communication. We show that the largely interpretable emergent protocol allows the nets to successfully communicate even about object types they did not see at training time. The visual representations induced as a by-product of our training regime, moreover, show comparable quality, when re-used as generic visual features, to a recent self-supervised learning model. Our results provide concrete evidence of the viability of (interpretable) emergent deep net communication in a more realistic scenario than previously considered, as well as establishing an intriguing link between this field and self-supervised visual learning.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2021.

Builds on

37 of 48 references.

References · 37

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25 more
  1. 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,739
  2. 2021Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reductioncited by 1,838
  3. 2017Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hourcited by 1,492
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  5. 2017Mixed Precision Trainingcited by 1,156
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  7. 2015Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning by Context Predictioncited by 1,066
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  10. 2016Learning Multiagent Communication with Backpropagationcited by 366
  11. 2021With a Little Help from My Friends: Nearest-Neighbor Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 326
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  17. 2017Emergence of Language with Multi-agent Games: Learning to Communicate with Sequences of Symbolscited by 125
  18. 2020Compositionality and Generalization in Emergent Languagescited by 103
  19. 2018Emergence of Linguistic Communication from Referential Games with Symbolic and Pixel Inputcited by 102
  20. 2017Natural Language Does Not Emerge 'Naturally' in Multi-Agent Dialogcited by 86
  21. 2019Anti-efficient encoding in emergent communicationcited by 59
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 6; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

25 papers.

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  1. 2022Emergent Communication: Generalization and Overfitting in Lewis Gamescited by 28
  2. 2022Simplicial Embeddings in Self-Supervised Learning and Downstream Classificationcited by 24
  3. 2022Linking Emergent and Natural Languages via Corpus Transfercited by 19
  4. 2024Iterated Learning Improves Compositionality in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 17
  5. 2024A Review of the Applications of Deep Learning-Based Emergent Communicationcited by 17
  6. 2023Towards More Human-like AI Communication: A Review of Emergent Communication Researchcited by 13
  7. 2023Lewis's Signaling Game as beta-VAE For Natural Word Lengths and Segmentscited by 11
  8. 2023Referential communication in heterogeneous communities of pre-trained visual deep networkscited by 10
  9. 2023Learning Multi-Agent Communication with Contrastive Learningcited by 9
  10. 2022Emergence of hierarchical reference systems in multi-agent communicationcited by 8
  11. 2022Emergent Quantized Communicationcited by 7
  12. 2024The Curious Case of Representational Alignment: Unravelling Visio-Linguistic Tasks in Emergent Communicationcited by 7
13 more
  1. 2024Language Evolution with Deep Learningcited by 5
  2. 2023Learning Multi-Object Positional Relationships via Emergent Communicationcited by 4
  3. 2024Speaking Your Language: Spatial Relationships in Interpretable Emergent Communicationcited by 3
  4. 2022Meta-Referential Games to Learn Compositional Learning Behaviourscited by 2
  5. 2024ELCC: the Emergent Language Corpus Collectioncited by 2
  6. 2025Implicit Repair with Reinforcement Learning in Emergent Communicationcited by 2
  7. 2026Investigating the Development of Task-Oriented Communication in Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
  8. 2025A Compressive-Expressive Communication Framework for Compositional Representationscited by 1
  9. 2026CtD: Composition through Decomposition in Emergent Communicationcited by 1
  10. 2023ETHER: Aligning Emergent Communication for Hindsight Experience Replaycited by 0
  11. 2024Emergent Communication in Continuous Worlds: Self-Organisation of Conceptually Grounded Vocabularies at Scalecited by 0
  12. 2025Cognitively-Inspired Emergent Communication via Knowledge Graphs for Assisting the Visually Impairedcited by 0
  13. 2025Natural, Artificial, and Human Intelligencescited by 0