mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FVC: A New Framework towards Deep Video Compression in Feature Space

arXiv 2105.09600 ↗First posted 20 May 2021eess.IV cs.CVcited by 149

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Abstract (arXiv)

Learning based video compression attracts increasing attention in the past few years. The previous hybrid coding approaches rely on pixel space operations to reduce spatial and temporal redundancy, which may suffer from inaccurate motion estimation or less effective motion compensation. In this work, we propose a feature-space video coding network (FVC) by performing all major operations (i.e., motion estimation, motion compression, motion compensation and residual compression) in the feature space. Specifically, in the proposed deformable compensation module, we first apply motion estimation in the feature space to produce motion information (i.e., the offset maps), which will be compressed by using the auto-encoder style network. Then we perform motion compensation by using deformable convolution and generate the predicted feature. After that, we compress the residual feature between the feature from the current frame and the predicted feature from our deformable compensation module. For better frame reconstruction, the reference features from multiple previous reconstructed frames are also fused by using the non-local attention mechanism in the multi-frame feature fusion module. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves the state-of-the-art performance on four benchmark datasets including HEVC, UVG, VTL and MCL-JCV.

Key facts. Cited by 149 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2021.

Builds on

28 of 42 references.

References · 28

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2017Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 1,481
  4. 2018Variational image compression with a scale hyperpriorcited by 910
  5. 2016End-to-end Optimized Image Compressioncited by 673
  6. 2018Joint Autoregressive and Hierarchical Priors for Learned Image Compressioncited by 642
  7. 2017Video Enhancement with Task-Oriented Flowcited by 612
  8. 2019EDVR: Video Restoration with Enhanced Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 492
  9. 2018DVC: An End-to-end Deep Video Compression Frameworkcited by 324
  10. 2017Lossy Image Compression with Compressive Autoencoderscited by 289
  11. 2018TDAN: Temporally Deformable Alignment Network for Video Super-Resolutioncited by 225
  12. 2018Generative Adversarial Networks for Extreme Learned Image Compressioncited by 213
16 more
  1. 2016Full Resolution Image Compression with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 170
  2. 2015Variable Rate Image Compression with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 168
  3. 2018Video Compression through Image Interpolationcited by 143
  4. 2020M-LVC: Multiple Frames Prediction for Learned Video Compressioncited by 106
  5. 2019Video Compression With Rate-Distortion Autoencoderscited by 97
  6. 2017Improved Lossy Image Compression with Priming and Spatially Adaptive Bit Rates for Recurrent Networkscited by 91
  7. 2020Learning for Video Compression with Hierarchical Quality and Recurrent Enhancementcited by 90
  8. 2018Learned Video Compressioncited by 89
  9. 2020Content Adaptive and Error Propagation Aware Deep Video Compressioncited by 72
  10. 2020Learning for Video Compression with Recurrent Auto-Encoder and Recurrent Probability Modelcited by 67
  11. 2020Improving Deep Video Compression by Resolution-adaptive Flow Codingcited by 58
  12. 2019Learning Image and Video Compression through Spatial-Temporal Energy Compactioncited by 26
  13. 2018Deep Generative Video Compressioncited by 23
  14. 2019Non-Local ConvLSTM for Video Compression Artifact Reductioncited by 19
  15. 2020Learned Video Compression with Feature-level Residualscited by 15
  16. 2019Utilising Low Complexity CNNs to Lift Non-Local Redundancies in Video Codingcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 29; 2023: 36; 2024: 31; 2025: 33; 2026: 12.

149 papers.

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  1. 2022Beyond Transmitting Bits: Context, Semantics, and Task-Oriented Communicationscited by 166
  2. 2023Neural Video Compression with Diverse Contextscited by 155
  3. 2022Hybrid Spatial-Temporal Entropy Modelling for Neural Video Compressioncited by 123
  4. 2024Neural Video Compression with Feature Modulationcited by 115
  5. 2021Temporal Context Mining for Learned Video Compressioncited by 112
  6. 2023VideoControlNet: A Motion-Guided Video-to-Video Translation Framework by Using Diffusion Model with ControlNetcited by 83
  7. 2023Neural Residual Radiance Fields for Streamably Free-Viewpoint Videoscited by 77
  8. 2022VCT: A Video Compression Transformercited by 74
  9. 2023HiNeRV: Video Compression with Hierarchical Encoding-based Neural Representationcited by 70
  10. 2023Ground-A-Video: Zero-shot Grounded Video Editing using Text-to-image Diffusion Modelscited by 58
  11. 2022Coarse-to-fine Deep Video Coding with Hyperprior-guided Mode Predictioncited by 55
  12. 2021Implicit Neural Video Compressioncited by 52
38 more
  1. 2022FFNeRV: Flow-Guided Frame-Wise Neural Representations for Videoscited by 46
  2. 2021DeepWiVe: Deep-Learning-Aided Wireless Video Transmissioncited by 45
  3. 2022CANF-VC: Conditional Augmented Normalizing Flows for Video Compressioncited by 44
  4. 2023DNeRV: Modeling Inherent Dynamics via Difference Neural Representation for Videoscited by 42
  5. 2021Perceptual Learned Video Compression with Recurrent Conditional GANcited by 38
  6. 2023Towards Scalable Neural Representation for Diverse Videoscited by 37
  7. 2024USTC-TD: A Test Dataset and Benchmark for Image and Video Coding in 2020scited by 37
  8. 2023A Residual Diffusion Model for High Perceptual Quality Codec Augmentationcited by 33
  9. 2022PS-NeRV: Patch-wise Stylized Neural Representations for Videoscited by 32
  10. 2024HEMGS: A Hybrid Entropy Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting Data Compressioncited by 31
  11. 2024NVRC: Neural Video Representation Compressioncited by 29
  12. 2022AlphaVC: High-Performance and Efficient Learned Video Compressioncited by 28
  13. 2025Generative Latent Coding for Ultra-Low Bitrate Image and Video Compressioncited by 22
  14. 2024Spatial Decomposition and Temporal Fusion based Inter Prediction for Learned Video Compressioncited by 21
  15. 2024Bi-Directional Deep Contextual Video Compressioncited by 20
  16. 2025Learned Image Compression with Hierarchical Progressive Context Modelingcited by 20
  17. 2021Self-Conditioned Probabilistic Learning of Video Rescalingcited by 19
  18. 2024PNVC: Towards Practical INR-based Video Compressioncited by 19
  19. 2021Instance-Adaptive Video Compression: Improving Neural Codecs by Training on the Test Setcited by 18
  20. 2022D-DPCC: Deep Dynamic Point Cloud Compression via 3D Motion Predictioncited by 18
  21. 2022B-CANF: Adaptive B-frame Coding with Conditional Augmented Normalizing Flowscited by 18
  22. 2022A Coding Framework and Benchmark towards Low-Bitrate Video Understandingcited by 17
  23. 2023Interactive Face Video Coding: A Generative Compression Frameworkcited by 17
  24. 2023Offline and Online Optical Flow Enhancement for Deep Video Compressioncited by 17
  25. 2022MobileCodec: Neural Inter-frame Video Compression on Mobile Devicescited by 15
  26. 2025Neural Video Compression with Context Modulationcited by 15
  27. 2022Advancing Learned Video Compression with In-loop Frame Predictioncited by 14
  28. 2022Content Adaptive Latents and Decoder for Neural Image Compressioncited by 14
  29. 2023Hierarchical B-frame Video Coding Using Two-Layer CANF without Motion Codingcited by 14
  30. 2023Perceptual Quality Assessment of Face Video Compression: A Benchmark and An Effective Methodcited by 14
  31. 2022Task-Oriented Communication for Edge Video Analyticscited by 13
  32. 2021Learning Cross-Scale Weighted Prediction for Efficient Neural Video Compressioncited by 12
  33. 2023IBVC: Interpolation-driven B-frame Video Compressioncited by 12
  34. 2024Group-aware Parameter-efficient Updating for Content-Adaptive Neural Video Compressioncited by 12
  35. 2023MobileNVC: Real-time 1080p Neural Video Compression on a Mobile Devicecited by 11
  36. 2024SMC++: Masked Learning of Unsupervised Video Semantic Compressioncited by 11
  37. 2024PNeRV: Enhancing Spatial Consistency via Pyramidal Neural Representation for Videoscited by 10
  38. 2022Multiscale Latent-Guided Entropy Model for LiDAR Point Cloud Compressioncited by 9

50 most cited of 149 All 149 (JSON)